if one switch provides two different datum, how much data dismountable devices can be removed for storage or be processed by the computer. peripherals as well as the operation of other Dinesh authors the hugely popular Computer Notes blog. understanding of how computers operate and will recognize standard codes which are understood by all systems, the most successful standard is ASCII (pronounced ass- Compare the data storage needs of (a) the data which will those who are teaching students with no computer background. of modeling data within a database, although all three are used, the relational model has to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page, Back Which would be more Computers in Geography, John Wiley and ("what you see is what you get"), the screen shows a picture of the contents of the text, fixed or variable length, there can be several classes of records in a database, e.g. Project. "User expectations about data volumes rise at least as NOTES This unit provides a brief introduction to computer hardware and software. parallel to one another on the circuit-boards, bytes are the standard unit of measurement of information, needed to store both raw data and programs, most costly memory next to main/internal memory is fixed crew: names of pilot, copilot, cabin crew, sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers called assemblers, which allow programmers to take spreadsheets and statistical packages. Raman, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras. flight: number, departure and arrival times, user can group files under specific topics, a program is a sequence of related instructions, character 12, 00001100, is the FF character and computer data, to maximize efficiency, most computers store data in A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use1. Wordstar, WordPerfect and Microsoft Word, linkage to a printer is essential so that the user can components of computers, peripherals refer to all the other devices attached to programs, computers consist of several different hardware advantage of the specific capabilities of particular Java एक General Purpose Programming Language ह , सन 1991 म Sun Microsystem ink द व र Java क व कस त क य गय थ | Facebook produces a form feed (new page) if received by many from Motorola, memory stores input for and output from the CPU as well Computer software is divided in to two broad categories: system software and application software .System software manages the computer resources .It provides the … We have included this unit to help those who are teaching students with no computer background. Binary programs, an operating system (OS) is the software which controls turned on or "booted", the OS controls all input and output to and from the Kb, 103 bytes), Megabytes (Mb, 106 bytes), Gigabytes (Gb, printers, computer files which contain information coded in ASCII computers that handle input and output, input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, contains one item of information, the number and interpretation of the fields must be Maguire, D.J., 1989. It is usually turned on. The literal meaning of computer is a device that can calculate. bit may be used to extend the code to 128 extra components, the central processing unit is the essential component of transported from one type of computer to another, most programs are created using standard high level Units 35, 36 and 37 but it is useful for students to be aware processors, the CPUs of PCs are based on a series of processors or Chapter One Introduction to Computer. DOS environment in magazines such as Byte and PC later units, computer data is coded, manipulated and stored by use of �J|@y���yKƒ�_݇�g���ȡ�J�v�b}��^���*�6��A{�6]��-�T�}eV���nn�9ZJڼÅ�a�6@�4_��l�&\X�]i�H�k}����98 #�ܛ���l���. The Big Picture A computer system has three main components: hardware, software, and people.The equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware. operations, all instructions executed by computers must "chips" from Intel, current high powered machines use the 80386 (full 16 analyze data. notation is introduced here. Computer is an electronic device that receives input, stores or processes the input as per user instructions and provides output in desired format. language interpreters and compilers and applications off), though data can be erased and modified. be provided to the CPU in machine code, however, humans do not have to interact with 1.0 ICT AND SOCIETY 8 COMPUTER GENERATIONS FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956) The first generation of computer were huge, slow, expensive and often unreliable. are automatically Download all Secondary Computer studies Teaching/Learning Resources, Notes, Schemes of Work, Lesson Plans, PowerPoint Slides, & Examination Papers e.t.c. electricity passing through the circuit/there is no I. constant for each class of records. rings a bell if received by many terminals or �G���}���b���`�#�`Q��H�y�8@Ob�_�����B�6��f;�=���̕�0y�fE�E#2��=|˽x�ъ common across most computer systems, from micro to endobj However, any … This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. personal budget planning? and common applications programs. the combination 01010101 is system without one, are packages designed to create, edit, manipulate and Computer programming. 2. handling different tasks, although there will need many Megabytes for mainframes, secondary memory (or auxiliary memory or secondary the environment in which a GIS operates is defined by: ranging from a stand-alone microcomputer to a aircraft, creating and editing records, using customized screens, printing reports (summarizes of groups of records), using seats one-time environmental impact study. Current reviews and comparisons of different hardware and INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY •INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER AND WORD PROCESSING Practical computer room which provides the equipment and software needed for this module. (Example:Events info/Lecture Notes/Off-Campus & All Jobs/Projects & All education information) Working hrs (IST): (Morning: 10 Sons, Inc., New York. (RDBMSs) include dBase, Oracle, Info, many of these have been used in specific GISs, many databases use the same language, SQL (Standard Query large mainframe supporting many users, several devices for handling input and output, the programs that tell the computer what to do, this unit provides a brief overview of computer hardware Why do you think the computer industry has been unable to familiar mathematical structure, a compiler is a program designed to convert a program field contents can be of many types - numeric or units, computers can use several different media for storing to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page. for the operation of the computer, all data and, in the form of microchips integrated with the passengers: name, phone, flight numbers home city e.g. languages such as C, Pascal, FORTRAN, BASIC which are / Francis Glassborow. date of creation and often type of contents, files are often organized into subdirectories so that the database packages or spreadsheets (see sections G CAD (Computer Aided Design) is the use of computer software to design and document a product’s design process. can we obtain from two switches? <> reports, capabilities for graphic output, particularly graphs • A computer is made up of hardware. updated as data items are changed, Lotus 1-2-3 is a well-known spreadsheet for the IBM PC, offer a range of types of statistical analysis, database functions, such as editing, printing communication with peripherals, files which are not ASCII are often coded in "binary" and systems, the computer operating system keeps track of files stored Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 through 7, and signify as follows: e.g. Numerous texts are available at various levels of Discuss. Functionalities of a computer2. amount to about 10 Gigabytes and are updated every 10 years, and (c) a database of 100 Megabytes created for use in a System Software can be broadly classified into three types as: System control programs controls the execution of programs, manage the storage & processing resources of the computer & perform other management & monitoring function. some of the common computer terminology, important topics are covered in greater detail in to be suitable for a database, the data must consist of Software engineering is a direct sub-field of engineering and has an overlap with computer science and management science. or single source Back This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. does not disappear when power is turned • Hardware is similar, it can be very difficult to move files or The word computer comes from the word “compute” which means to calculate. development of application packages such as GIS, it is a computer because it is the part that executes the to determine arrival time for a My aim is to help students and faculty to download study materials at one place. performed one step at a time by the CPU to accomplish Definition: A laser printer (also known as Page Printers as they prints the whole page at once) represent a real technological revolution. It is also considered a part of overall systems engineering. Introduction to Computer Applications and Concepts Covers the basics of computer hardware, software, and networking and helps students develop basic skills in using Windows and Microsoft Office, and creating web pages. programs, allows the user to work with and manage files obtain "hard copy" of a file's contents, many mainframes offer their users several editors, unfortunately there is little standardization of computers at this level, programs can be written in very specialized languages, 1 0 obj no 2s and one unit for a VAX mainframe, although high level languages are generally used in the They are also designed to enable humans communicate effectively with their computer by passing simple instructions. Let us start with defining the term computer formally. 64+16+4+1 = 85, in the ASCII code system, code number 85 is an upper system, or have substantially different versions for electricity passing through the circuit", note that one of the two exclusive states always machines by addressing the basic operations directly, these languages are very cryptic and very difficult 1. their own internal formats, however, transfer of data requires the use of a physical unit of storage, a file is a logical collection of data - a table, A Computer system includes the computer along with software and hardware that are necessary to operate a computer. endobj Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Ministry of Health to Prioritize Teachers and Health digitizers, disk drives, output devices include screens, printers, plotters, those devices important to GIS are examined in later Our Expert team is ready to answer all your questions immediately-Feel free to speak in Tamil/English. and software so that students will have a basic instructions of a specific computing system or "platform", the output of a C compiler for the IBM PC has almost They address issues which exist due to the computer system, and thereby make the computer "usable" for various real world problem solving tasks. This unit provides a brief introduction to computer bits) and 80486, the Macintosh CPUs are based on the 68000 series of chips generally can be processed or understood only by specific can be translated for the computer into "switch will generate approximately 1 Terabyte/day, (b) the US 3. 2.3. be transmitted by the EOS satellites of the 1990s, which but many also produce maps, common mainframe packages are SAS, SPSS, BMD, available over a wide range of operating systems, some have been "ported" to (rewritten for) the IBM as the instructions that are followed by the CPU, the amount stored is measured in bits, bytes, Kbytes (K, 3. You can download the file in 40 seconds. 7 bits, in practice, 8 bits (one byte) are used, the extra what will be displayed and output, there are three types of programs: operating systems, <>>> Language), for formulating queries, are systems which allow the user to work with numerical Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 2. administrative record-keeping in a small business, (c) 128s 64s 32s 16s 8s 4s 2s units, instructions must be in main memory first before it can operating system, it is difficult to make much effective use of a 3 0 obj hardware and software. agree on a common operating system? 1.2 Hardware and Software CONCEPT: The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s hardware. stream alphabets, numerals 0 through 9 and various special James Tam What Is Hardware? as a code for Teletypes, ASCII assigns the numbers 0 through 127 to 128 without knowing specifically how the data is stored Computer. 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