The Definitive Collection devoted to Louis Armstrong takes a reverse chronological view of the pop giant's career, a format that functions surprisingly well considering its intended purpose. [92], During a backstage meeting with trombonist Marshall Brown in 1959, Armstrong received the suggestion that he should go to a doctor and receive proper treatment for his lips instead of relying on home remedies, but he did not get around to doing it until the final years of his life, by which point his health was failing and doctors considered surgery too risky. His second wife helped him develop his career, but they separated in 1931 and divorced in 1938. Additionally, jazz itself was transformed from a collectively improvised folk music to a soloist's serious art form largely through his influence. Louis Armstrong died on July 6, 1971 of a heart attack at the age of 69. On February 4, 1924, he married Lil Hardin Armstrong, King Oliver's pianist. Although Armstrong claimed to be born in 1900, various documents, notably a baptismal record, indicate that 1901 was his birth year. Reccomended to watch. After spending many years on the road, Armstrong settled permanently in Queens, New York in 1943 in contentment with his fourth wife, Lucille. He found the courage to look for her home to see her away from work. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in the history of jazz. [43], The Hot Five included Kid Ory (trombone), Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Johnny St. Cyr (banjo), Lil Armstrong on piano, and usually no drummer. For most of the rest of Armstrong’s life, he toured the world with changing All-Stars sextets; indeed, “Ambassador Satch” in his later years was noted for his almost nonstop touring schedule. Louis Armstrong is considered the leading trumpeter and one of the most influential artists in jazz history, who helped develop jazz into a fine art. His irrepressible personality both as a performer and as a public figure was so strong that to some it sometimes overshadowed his contributions as a musician and singer. His mother often had to resort to prostitution to provide for the family. During the next 30 years, Armstrong played more than 300 performances a year. His scat singing style was enriched by his matchless experience as a trumpet soloist. from the live album In Scandinavia vol.1. [91], He generally remained politically neutral, which at times alienated him from members of the black community who looked to him to use his prominence with white America to become more of an outspoken figure during the civil rights movement. [37] Armstrong's mother, May Ann Albert, came to visit him in Chicago during the summer of 1923 after being told that Armstrong was "out of work, out of money, hungry, and sick"; Hardin located and decorated an apartment for her to live in while she stayed. Faubus", David Margolick, The Day Louis Armstrong Made Noise, "9 Things You May Not Know About Louis Armstrong – History Lists", "Rare Footage of Duke Ellington Highlights When Jazz and Baseball Were in Perfect Harmony", "NPR's Jazz Profiles from NPR: Louis Armstrong: The Singer", "Louis Armstrong's Secret Lessons From Judaism", Hit Parade Italia – Festival di Sanremo 1968, "High Society (1956) - High Society Calpyso", "Louis Armstrong, Jazz Trumpeter and Singer, Dies", "Louis Armstrong Dies: 1971 Year in Review", "Experience The Music: One Hit Wonders and The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll", "At Home with Harold Bloom: (3) The Jazz Bridge", "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire", Louis Armstrong: discography and early recordings (RealPlayer format), "Louis Armstrong Transcription Project – John P Birchall", Discography of American Historical Recordings, "How (and Why) I Grew to Love King Louis", "When I Pick Up That Horn, That's All" by Nat Hentoff, "Louis Armstrong collected news and commentary", You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart), The Complete Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong on Verve. Louis Armstrong, nicknamed satchmo and pops, was an american jazz trumpeter from New Orleans, Louisiana. Armstrong enjoyed many types of music, from blues to the arrangements of Guy Lombardo, to Latin American folksongs, to classical symphonies and opera. The popularity he gained brought together many black and white audiences to watch him perform.[63]. Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an "inventive" cornet and trumpet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. His most familiar role was as the bandleader cum narrator in the 1956 musical High Society starring Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, Frank Sinatra, and Celeste Holm. His recordings for Columbia Records, Louis Armstrong Plays W.C. It was used as the title of a 2010 biography of Armstrong by Terry Teachout. With Danny Kaye he performed a duet of "When the Saints Go Marching In" during which Kaye impersonated Armstrong. Peter Davis, who frequently appeared at the home at the request of Captain Jones,[26] became Armstrong's first teacher and chose him as bandleader. The Louis Armstrong House Museum, at 34-56 107th Street between 34th and 37th avenues in Corona, Queens, presents concerts and educational programs, operates as a historic house museum and makes materials in its archives of writings, books, recordings and memorabilia available to the public for research. During his 1930s European tour, he suffered an ulceration so severe that he had to stop playing entirely for a year. [129][130], The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed Armstrong's West End Blues on the list of 500 songs that shaped Rock and Roll.[131]. Fearn, who was at the session, kept telling him to continue. He appeared in movies again, including Crosby's 1936 hit Pennies from Heaven. John Thomas replaced Kid Ory on trombone. [91] The most common tale that biographers tell is the story of Armstrong as a young boy in New Orleans dancing for pennies. In the 1959 film The Five Pennies he played himself, sang, and played several classic numbers. It was during Hall's tenure at the venue that she experimented, developed and expanded her use and art of scat singing with Armstrong's guidance and encouragement. Hines and Armstrong became fast friends and successful collaborators. [91] Armstrong's laxative of preference in his younger days was Pluto Water, but when he discovered the herbal remedy Swiss Kriss, he became an enthusiastic convert,[91] extolling its virtues to anyone who would listen and passing out packets to everyone he encountered, including members of the British Royal Family. During the 1940s, a widespread revival of interest in the traditional jazz of the 1920s made it possible for Armstrong to consider a return to the small-group musical style of his youth. Although he sang such humorous songs as “Hobo, You Can’t Ride This Train,” he also sang many standard songs, often with an intensity and creativity that equaled those of his trumpet playing. The album sold very well for the rest of the year, quickly going "Gold" (500,000). He was also skilled at scat singing. In most of Armstrong’s movie, radio, and television appearances, he was featured as a good-humoured entertainer. Hardin became Armstrong's second wife and they returned to Chicago to play together and then he began to form his own "Hot" jazz bands. [13] At six he attended the Fisk School for Boys,[14] a school that accepted black children in the racially segregated system of New Orleans. A jazz pioneer, Louis Armstrong was the first important soloist to emerge in jazz, and he became the most influential musician in the music's history. On his 1964 record "Hello, Dolly", he sings, "This is Lewis, Dolly" but in 1933 he made a record called "Laughin' Louie". As a trumpet virtuoso, his playing, beginning with the 1920s studio recordings he made with his Hot Five and Hot Seven ensembles, charted a future for jazz in highly imaginative, emotionally charged improvisation. Lynn Rene Bayley, "More Jazz: 'Louis Armstrong – The Early Years". [86], Armstrong's marriages never produced any offspring. In Chicago, he spent time with other popular jazz musicians, reconnecting with his friend Bix Beiderbecke and spending time with Hoagy Carmichael and Lil Hardin. Armstrong is renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice as well as his trumpet playing. [25], Armstrong developed his cornet skills by playing in the band. Louis Armstrong Age. [109], Louis Armstrong was not, as is often claimed, a Freemason. The word "muggles" was a slang term for marijuana, something he used often during his life. [134] Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra are just two singers who were greatly indebted to him. He began to scat sing (improvise vocal jazz using nonsensical words) and was among the first to record it, on the Hot Five recording "Heebie Jeebies" in 1926. With his innovations, he raised the bar musically for all who came after him. [24] Life at the home was spartan. In publicity, much to his chagrin, she billed him as "the World's Greatest Trumpet Player". [57] But soon he was on the road again. Some musicians criticized Armstrong for playing in front of segregated audiences, and for not taking a strong enough stand in the American civil rights movement. Popular Performers. [58], During the 1920s, Louis Armstrong brought a huge impact during the Harlem Renaissance within the Jazz world. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. William Armstrong abandoned the family shortly after. [103], Armstrong was a heavy marijuana smoker for much of his life and spent nine days in jail in 1930 after being arrested for drug possession outside a club. In the 1960s, he toured Ghana and Nigeria. During this period, Armstrong made many recordings and appeared in over thirty films. Early New Orleans jazz was primarily an ensemble-oriented music. [91], There is a pivotal scene in Stardust Memories (1980) in which Woody Allen is overwhelmed by a recording of Armstrong's "Stardust" and experiences a nostalgic epiphany. Armstrong’s autobiographies included Swing That Music (1936) and Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans (1954). He traveled with the band of Fate Marable, which toured on the steamboat Sidney with the Streckfus Steamers line up and down the Mississippi River. [11] He spent his youth in poverty in a rough neighborhood known as The Battlefield. Louis Armstrong Birth Date August 4, 1901 Death Date July 6, 1971 Did You Know? He was born in New Orleans , the birthplace of jazz. About Louis Armstrong. Being known as "the world's greatest trumpet player" during this time he continued his legacy and decided to continue a focus on his own vocal career. [101] In a live recording of "Baby, It's Cold Outside" with Velma Middleton, he changes the lyric from "Put another record on while I pour" to "Take some Swiss Kriss while I pour. During this time, Armstrong recorded with Clarence Williams (a friend from New Orleans), the Williams Blue Five, Sidney Bechet, and blues singers Alberta Hunter, Ma Rainey, and Bessie Smith. This opened a rich field for creation and improvisation, and significantly changed the music into a soloist's art form. In 1964, his recording of the song "Hello Dolly" went to number one. Louis Armstrong . Bix Beiderbecke died and Fletcher Henderson's band broke up. 9. Handy and Fats Waller. [91], Armstrong performed in Italy at the 1968 Sanremo Music Festival where he sang "Mi Va di Cantare"[118] alongside his friend, the Eritrean-born Italian singer Lara Saint Paul. Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed "satchel mouth" which was shortened to "Satchmo".[91]. Louis spent the first years of his life with his grandmother, Josephine Armstrong. Louis Armstrong highly influenced the Jazz age which was booming in the 1920’s. [60] Within Hughes writings, he created many books which held the central idea of jazz and recognition to Armstrong as one of the most important person to be part of the new found love of their culture. [71][72] He continued an intense international touring schedule, but in 1959 he suffered a heart attack in Italy and had to rest. Armstrong was the first African American to host a nationally broadcast radio show in the 1930s. Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans. "[111] The most lauded recordings on which Armstrong plays trumpet include the Hot Five and Hot Seven sessions, as well as those of the Red Onion Jazz Babies. His influence upon Crosby is particularly important with regard to the subsequent development of popular music: Crosby admired and copied Armstrong, as is evident on many of his early recordings, notably "Just One More Chance" (1931). His performance of "Hello Dolly" won for best male pop vocal performance at the 1964 Grammy Awards. In 1936, Louis Armstrong became the first African American jazz musician to … He toured America and Europe as a trumpet soloist accompanied by big bands; for several years beginning in 1935, Luis Russell’s big band served as the Louis Armstrong band. He sponsored a local baseball team known as Armstrong's Secret Nine and had a cigar named after him. However, he did criticize President Eisenhower for not acting forcefully enough on civil rights. [55] He returned to Chicago in late 1931 and played in bands more in the Guy Lombardo vein and he recorded more standards. As a result, he branched out, developing his vocal style and making his first theatrical appearances. In the den of his home, he had the latest audio equipment and would sometimes rehearse and record along with his older recordings or the radio.[113]. This generation experienced much of their youth during the Great Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the telephone. By then, Louis Armstrong had a beautiful tone, wide range and exciting style on the cornet. At the same time, however, his oeuvre includes many original melodies, creative leaps, and relaxed or driving rhythms. Although the story was thought to be apocryphal, Armstrong himself confirmed it in at least one interview as well as in his memoirs. Authors; Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong. He also made a cameo appearance as a vocalist, regularly stealing the show with his rendition of "Ain't Misbehavin'". He suffered heart and kidney ailments that forced him to stop touring. Louis Armstrong. She had divorced her first husband a few years earlier. Eleven of his recordings have been inducted into … [91][112], Prior to Armstrong, most collective ensemble playing in jazz, along with its occasional solos, simply varied the melodies of the songs. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Armstrong, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame - Biography of Louis Armstrong, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of Louis Armstrong, BlackPast - Biography of Louis Daniel Armstrong, Louis Armstrong - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Louis Armstrong - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Willis Conover interviewing Louis Armstrong. We found 2 social media accounts, including a public Facebook profile associated with Louis Armstrong who is 42 years of age and resides in West Covina, CA. Louis Armstrong was born on Sunday and have been alive for 25,538 days , Louis Armstrong next B'Day will be after 1 Months, 21 Days , See detailed result below. [85] His marriage to his third wife lasted four years, and they divorced in 1942. Armstrong adapted to the tightly controlled style of Henderson, playing trumpet and experimenting with the trombone. This prompted the formation of Louis Armstrong’s All-Stars, a Dixieland band that at first included such other jazz greats as Hines and trombonist Jack Teagarden. [6] Although he died in 1971, it was not until the mid-1980s that his true birth date, August 4, 1901, was discovered by Tad Jones by researching baptismal records. His influence on Henderson's tenor sax soloist, Coleman Hawkins, can be judged by listening to the records made by the band during this period. Some of his solos from the 1950s, such as the hard rocking version of "St. Louis Blues" from the WC Handy album, show that the influence went in both directions.[91]. Armstrong was featured as a guest artist with Lionel Hampton's band at the famed second Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles which was produced by Leon Hefflin Sr. on October 12, 1946. He enjoyed listening to his own recordings, and comparing his performances musically. [119] In February 1968, he also appeared with Lara Saint Paul on the Italian RAI television channel where he performed "Grassa e Bella", a track he sang in Italian for the Italian market and C.D.I. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990. Breach of contract violations plagued him. Louis Armstrong was present and loved the song. [27], On June 14, 1914, Armstrong was released into the custody of his father and his new stepmother, Gertrude. Early on he was also known as "Dipper", short for "Dippermouth", a reference to the piece Dippermouth Blues. By the summer of 1970, his doctors pronounced him fit enough to resume live performances. It became impossible under such circumstances to finance a 16-piece touring band. The albums feature many of Ellington's most famous compositions (as well as two exclusive cuts) with Duke sitting in on piano. Encouraged by his wife, Armstrong quit Oliver’s band to seek further fame. He did not perform publicly at all in 1969 and spent most of the year recuperating at home. Albert was from Boutte, Louisiana, and gave birth at home when she was about sixteen. Armstrong did, thinking the track would be discarded, but that was the version that was pressed to disc, sold, and became an unexpected hit. He recorded Hoagy Carmichael's "Rockin' Chair" for Okeh Records. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [30], Armstrong played in brass bands and riverboats in New Orleans, first on an excursion boat in September 1918. She encouraged him to play classical music in church concerts to broaden his skills. Armstrong was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an early influence. Bookings for big bands tapered off during the 1940s due to changes in public tastes: ballrooms closed, and there was competition from television and from other types of music becoming more popular than big band music. [139] Dedicated in April 1980, the park includes a 12-foot statue of Armstrong, trumpet in hand. Through his playing, the trumpet emerged as a solo instrument in jazz and is used widely today. From 1935 to the end of his life, Armstrong’s career was managed by Joe Glaser, who hired Armstrong’s bands and guided his film career (beginning with Pennies from Heaven, 1936) and radio appearances. His father abandoned his family during Louis' infancy. But in the Armstrong world, New Year's Eve is a special day because it was on December 31, 1912 that little Louis (already singing and playing a little self-taught cornet) was arrested for firing his stepfather's gun while celebrating and was sent to the Colored Waif's Home—a move that changed his life. (Armstrong also appeared in humorous, albeit risqué, cards that he had printed to send out to friends; the cards bore a picture of him sitting on a toilet—as viewed through a keyhole—with the slogan "Satch says, 'Leave it all behind ya! The same applies to his 1952 studio recording of the song "Chloe", where the choir in the background sings "Louie ... Louie", with Armstrong responding "What was that? He is remembered as one of the greatest musicians in American history. The music he created was an incredible part of his life during the Harlem Renaissance. [21] Armstrong joined a quartet of boys who sang in the streets for money. [143], American jazz trumpeter, composer and singer. Armstrong was not the first to record scat singing, but he was masterful at it and helped popularize it with the first recording on which he scatted, "Heebie Jeebies". Updates? Top Questions. Although he is usually listed as being a member of Montgomery Lodge No. [90], Armstrong was noted for his colorful and charismatic personality. In 2002, the Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings (1925–1928) were preserved in the United States National Recording Registry, a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress. In addition, Richmond was associated with the Ku Klux Klan. The band drew the Hollywood crowd, which could still afford a lavish night life, while radio broadcasts from the club connected with younger audiences at home. Louis Armstrong is pictured front row center during a 1931 visit to a New Orleans boys' home formerly known as the 'Colored Waifs Home'. [38], Armstrong and Oliver parted amicably in 1924. His father abandoned the family when Louis was young. The song begins with a brief trumpet solo, then the main melody is introduced by sobbing horns, memorably punctuated by Armstrong's growling interjections at the end of each bar: "Yeah! [5] In 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. I would say that the genius of this nation at its best is indeed Walt Whitman and Louis Armstrong." Trombonists, too, appropriated Armstrong’s phrasing, and saxophonists as different as Coleman Hawkins and Bud Freeman modeled their styles on different aspects of Armstrong’s. [64] Following a highly successful small-group jazz concert at New York Town Hall on May 17, 1947, featuring Armstrong with trombonist/singer Jack Teagarden, Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser dissolved the Armstrong big band on August 13, 1947, and established a six-piece traditional jazz group featuring Armstrong with (initially) Teagarden, Earl Hines and other top swing and Dixieland musicians, most of whom were previously leaders of big bands. [31] Marable was proud of his musical knowledge, and he insisted that Armstrong and other musicians in his band learn sight reading. In 1937, Armstrong substituted for Rudy Vallee on the CBS radio network and became the first African American to host a sponsored, national broadcast. In her small home, he had to share a bed with his mother and sister. Morris Karnoffsky gave Armstrong an advance toward the purchase of a cornet from a pawn shop. 'Red Beans and Ricely yours, Louis Armstrong.'. The museum opened to the public on October 15, 2003. Louis loved all kinds of music. [46] His recordings soon after with pianist Earl "Fatha" Hines (most famously their 1928 "Weather Bird" duet) and Armstrong's trumpet introduction to and solo in "West End Blues" remain some of the most famous and influential improvisations in jazz history. Musicians and close friends usually called him "Pops".[78]. The influence of Armstrong on the development of jazz is virtually immeasurable. During this time he abandoned the often blues-based original material of his earlier years for a remarkably fine choice of popular songs by such noted composers as Hoagy Carmichael, Irving Berlin, and Duke Ellington. Not long after this fiasco, Parker traveled to Armstrong's home on Perdido Street. She prodded him into wearing more stylish attire to offset his girth. Leaving this era to be known as the “Roaring 20’s” Louis was born in Louisiana, the heart of jazz. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Young musicians across the country, black or white, were turned on by Armstrong's new type of jazz. He heard the early sounds of jazz from bands that played in brothels and dance halls such as Pete Lala's, where King Oliver performed. [81][82] They adopted a three-year-old boy, Clarence, whose mother, Armstrong's cousin Flora, had died soon after giving birth. Louis Armstrong’s 1946 Henri Selmer B♭ custom-made and inscribed trumpet is part of the Music and Performing Arts collection at the National Museum of African American History and Culture, opening September 24. [48], After separating from Lil, Armstrong started to play at the Sunset Café for Al Capone's associate Joe Glaser in the Carroll Dickerson Orchestra, with Earl Hines on piano, which was renamed Louis Armstrong and his Stompers,[49] though Hines was the music director and Glaser managed the orchestra. [14] His mother moved into a one-room house on Perdido Street with him, Lucy, and her common-law husband, Tom Lee, next door to her brother Ike and his two sons. "We Have All the Time in the World" was featured on the soundtrack of the James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and enjoyed renewed popularity in the UK in 1994 when it featured on a Guinness advertisement. He recorded his first solos as a member of the Oliver band in such pieces as “Chimes Blues” and “Tears,” which Lil and Louis Armstrong composed. Although race relations were poor, Chicago was booming. Still hoping to get back on the road, Armstrong died of a heart attack in his sleep on July 6, 1971, a month before his 70th birthday. His trumpet range continued to expand, as demonstrated in the high-note showpieces in his repertoire. At age 62, Armstrong became the oldest musician in American history to have a number one song. Altogether, his immensely compelling swing; his brilliant technique; his sophisticated, daring sense of harmony; his ever-mobile, expressive attack, timbre, and inflections; his gift for creating vital melodies; his dramatic, often complex sense of solo design; and his outsized musical energy and genius made these recordings major innovations in jazz. Holiday said that she always wanted Bessie Smith's 'big' sound and Armstrong's feeling in her singing. As a protest, Armstrong canceled a planned tour of the Soviet Union on behalf of the State Department saying: "The way they're treating my people in the South, the government can go to hell" and that he could not represent his government abroad when it was in conflict with its own people. He earned a reputation at "cutting contests" and his fame reached band leader Fletcher Henderson. He also became second trumpet for the Tuxedo Brass Band. 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