The Burma Independence Act 1947 (1947, 11 Geo. The date celebrates Myanmar's Declaration of Independence from the British rule on 4 January 1948. At 8:30 A.M. the groundbreaking ceremony at the center of Mahabandoola Garden was held to construct the independence monument. Chit HlaingSmith DunSao Shwe TaikU Maung GyeeTharrawaddy U PuU SawYar Kyar (Saya San)Bhupendra Kamar DuttaSachindra Nath SanyalNirmal Chandra Sen VI, Ch. Declaration of Independence worksheets and online activities. An early copy of the Burmese Declaration of Independence, barring signatures. Need to translate "declaration of independence" to Maori? The king of Burma renounced the throne in 2256 due to the internal threat, which resulted in the Burmese declaration of independence, but his Thai counterpart didn't and continued fighting till the spring offensive in the beginning of 2257, in which the Thai king renounced too … A provisional military command was organized for the Armed Forces, or "Tatmadaw" that would be required for fighting the war. Members of the Ye Tat and the nascent Tatmadaw, photographed shortly before the Rangoon Arsenal Raid. Chit Hlaing recognized however that morale on the frontlines against the European Infantry Barracks was faltering, and to declare the republic now would greatly intensify the rebels' determination and political unity. Declaration of Independence Today, after more than fifty years of British occupation: Burma resumes her rightful place among the free and sovereign nations of the world. The British soldiers fought to keep the railroads and riverways open, a task which proved difficult as Burmese rebels soon began sabotaging the train tracks, damming the rivers, or simply just blowing up the trains and river ferries. With the Arakanese port of Sittwe being Britain's main coastal stronghold to reinforce the Bengal front, this once again threatened to collapse the frontlines with the Azad Hind rebels. Burma was renamed Myanmar in 1989 by its military government. De-facto independence for Burma, creation of the Republic of Burma, beginning of civil war between the Rangoon government and ethnic minority groups. A Burma Independence Preparatory Committee chaired by Ba Maw was formed 8 May 1943 and the nominally independent State of Burma was proclaimed on 1 August 1943 with Ba Maw as "Naingandaw Adipadi" (head of state) as well as prime minister. British India A group of elders from Burma's Shan ethnic group has declared a Shan State independent from the military junta. Lieutenant Governor Craddock (Left) and his predecessor, Lieutenant Governor Butler (Right), the two men who's authoritarian policies are commonly believed to have escalated the militancy of the Burmese nationalist movement. Whilst armed militias had always existed in tribal Burmese society, and it was not uncommon even in urban centres for citizens to band together for mutual aid and defence, but 1919 marked a turning point in armed political organizing among the people of Burma, on account of Viceroy Rufus Isaacs decree of martial law throughout the British Raj. Chaos ensued over the following weeks, as from December 24th the British forces went on utmost alert, targeting civilian and militia member alike in a ruthless attempt to supress the insurrection. Declaration of Independence, Declaration Of Independence Glasses, George Reeves Photo, Elizabeth Taylor Photo, George A. Pflaum Modern Age Independent & Small Press Comics, Actress Photo, Press Photo, Kodachrome Photo, Collectible Cabinet Photos, Marilyn Monroe Photo She enters into this free and equal partnership so that by the united resources, will and work of Asia, a whole new political order and economy may be established as a part of a world order which will ensure peace, justice and prosperity to all peoples". The 10th day from the Full Moon Day of the month of Tazaungmone marks the day in 1920 when Burmese students of Rangoon University began anti-British colonial riots. The KIA yesterday issued the alert to its battalions after Chief of Staff General Gam Shwang sent a letter to the Burmese army’s Northern Regional Military Command (NRMC). Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Just the Facts: Declaration of Independence by Former library book; Readable copy. Yar Kyar was a GCBA member who promoted the idea that it was Burma's mythical destiny to throw off the yokes of imperialism, likening the rebels to the mythical bird Garuda, locally known as Galon, and the British to Galon's natural enemy, the Naga. Butler had been a very vocal opponent of the political Wunthanu associations, as well as the political organizing of the Karen peoples that had taken place during his term. The Union of Burma came into being on 4 January 1948 as an independent republic outside the Commonwealth. Burma's Fight for Ethnic and Religious Freedom In the aftermath of the Amritsar Massacre in India, which marked the beginning of the Indian Revolt, various Burmese political groups took on much more far reaching demands for political and economic sovereignty. The Kachin War was a long bush war between the Burmese government and the pro-independence rebels in its Kachin Province.In the end, the province gained independence as the Republic of Kachin. The document was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung,[1] U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. The now well-armed and emboldened Burmese nationalists rapidly distributed weaponry to both eager civilians and Tatmadaw militias, as mobs took to the streets to finally drive the British out of the country. Commanders On January 4th 1948, the Union of Burma gained its independence from Britain. The rebels fortunes appeared to be turning sour, but as the months rolled on, it became more and more apparent that the British colonial forces preferred to remain huddled up in their fortresses, massively overstretching themselves in their attempts to maintain order across Burma. In the cities of Pegu and Shwebo, local monks attempted to lead somewhat peaceful campaigns of non-cooperation, and encourage native soldiers to defect. Read the Declaration of Independence as presented on July 4, 1776. During the 18th century, Burma expansionism mostly focused on areas occupied by Chinese forces. Additionally, the Burmese rebels struggled to coordinate with local groups, as factionalism and regionalism intensified. Your email has not been verified. . The group met and drilled in secret, despite government restrictions on freedom of assembly and ownership of weapons. As such, with artillery shells falling just a few blocks away, a crowd was gathered inside the Government House to formally declare Burmese independence. It is the most Popular Celebration Day in Myanmar and Myanmar Peoples. Burma’s colonization by the British was the result of a series of unfortunate events. This page provides all possible translations of the word independence in the Burmese language. Several Karen nationalists soon spied the opportunity to fashion a homeland for themselves, out of disparate, rebelling tribes, choosing to resign from being compradors and instead travelling east to join their kinsmen. End The British government had been engaged in high-level lobbying for almost a year to persuade the Burmese government to sign. Pages in category "Declarations of independence" The following 74 pages are in this category, out of 74 total. Burmese War of Independence The only ordnance installation in Burma at the time was the Rangoon Arsenal, located 12 miles north of Rangoon and only accessible by a special railway line through the rough terrain. Governor Craddock had immediately sought stop any immediate reprisals from Burmese political activists, ordering them to turn themselves in and stand trial, or face arrest. Whether this was an intentional strategy of tension on part of the Burmese nationalists or simply a natural consequence of the violent struggles in Mandalay remains unknown, but after firing lines and shallow graves began appearing around the city, a vast amount of locals rose up rebellion. While the provisional government won hearts and minds, it soon became apparent that it had massively overpromised what it was capable of achieving in such a short time. A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. To fight back against the Imperial Police and Craddock's police spies, an initiative was spearheaded by the radical intellectual, U Maung Gyee, which saw the founding of the Ye Tat or "Brave Militia". Governor Craddock and much of the civil sector were evacuated to the port of Syriam, whilst the British forces reinforced their positions surrounding Rangoon. British Imperial Police attempting to quell a riot in Mandalay, 1924. Finally, the full text of the declaration was read out by Chit Hlaing, beginning by stating that "In the Burmese year of 1286, on Sunday, January 4th, 1925, with the grace and blessings of the 10th Lunar Month, our country of Burma became a free and sovereign republic". Here's how you say it. The GCBA refused to play the role of the stagnant leadership that refused to endorse the next step in Burma's political revolution, and so the the "Uncrowned King of Burma" Chit Hlaing, gave his blessing to organizing a revolutionary militia and to create a provisional government for a Free Burma, which he'd go on to serve in as President and Commander in Chief. While many of the political elites and officer corps among the ethnic minorities had backed the British, barring a few notable defections, that had prevented the commoners and local tribes from taking up arms against their oppressors. Whilst Craddock had perhaps hoped this would sever the link between the two populations, dividing them and offering more anti-Indian politicians such as U Ba Pe and Tharrawaddy U Pu the chance to assume control of the Burmese nationalist movement, it instead helped unify the Burmese political scene behind a shared martyr and revolutionary ideologue. Independence day in Myanmar is a national holiday in on 4 January. From April 1925 and onwards, the Burmese rebels pursued a policy of "national liberation", recognizing the futility of assaulting heavily garrisoned cities and military instalments, President Chit Hlaing and the Tatmadaw's leadership instead sought to rapidly expand into the rural regions of Burma, cooperating with local rebel groups to seize vast swathes of territory. Burma Outcome Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. It gained the nickname of the “Greenshirts”, as a play on a reading on the word Ye, and for the fact that its members wore green uniforms for camouflage. Around the same time representatives of the provisional Azad Hind government in India, most notably the Hindustan Republican Army as well as the vast community of Bengali nationalists who lived in exile in Burma, ramped up their efforts to smuggle arms and advisors into Burma, preparing the kindling for a revolt. Independence is granted to Burma. Notably, it declined to join the British Commonwealth. The senior editor justified this controversial narrative by explaining that the ideas in The Declaration of Independence were false because slavery still existed after the document was signed. 2 Corinthians 5:14–21. Just after the Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, the post independence Burmese Government was overthrown and the military took control of the State. Recognizing the danger of being pinned in on all sides, the British strove to maintain a line of communication with the Lieutenant-Governor exiled to Syriam and the Indian viceroy exiled to Bombay. Particularly among the ethnic minorities, who would play a key role in bringing the Burmese Revolt to its next step. Because Myanmar follows the lunisolar (lunar-months, solar-years) traditional Burmese calendar, the National Day moves between the months of November to … The 1619 Project proclaimed that 1619 was the year America was founded and not 1776. Independence Day is a National Holiday in Myanmar. Shan Democratic Union, the leading political formation of the Shan State which remained a constituent state in the Union of Burma has declared independence by breaking off from the Union of the Burma ruled by the army generals since 1964. This campaign was painted in explicitly populist terms, hoping to appeal to the peasantry and ethnic minorities in the rural sections of the country, such as by promising vast reforms of the Thatthameda land tax. All of this was also complimented by the GCBA and GCSS's vast network of Wunthanu Athin, rural political societies that could easily relay messages and coordinate actions between the nationalists. BURMA ISSUED UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION Declaration of Independence by Ba Maw Government Hyphen-Hole Perforations 1943 1C 3C 5C Perforated 11 1 C3 Burmese Girl Carrying Water Jug and Other Designs 1943 1 C2 3 5 C10 15 20C 30C 1 R2 5C The Kachins founded the Burmese Continental Army, led by Wilbur Joo, which was the largest army in the Indian subcontinent: over 568,000,000 troops. Craddock was a step beyond Butler, however. Many prominent figures had looked to the more senior nationalist movement in India for inspiration, noting the effective political organizing of groups like the Indian National Congress as well as the militant cohesion of militias such as the Hindustan Republican Army. [Source] The declaration of Independence. 3) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that conferred independence on Burma, today called Myanmar.The Act received the royal assent on 10 December 1947. After two decades of military rule, an opposition figure rose out of the ranks and began a campaign to remove the military from power. Free interactive exercises to practice online or download as pdf to print. The Burmese Declaration of Independence (Burmese: လွတ်လပ်ရေးကြေညာစာတမ်း) was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma (now Myanmar). The University Strike of 1920 would push the limits on Craddock's administration, and he faced frequent pushback from more liberal members of the Indian Civil Service, as well as the Governor's Legislative Council. The independence declaration, excerpts from addresses of Myanmar’s independence hero General Aung San, and nine independence oaths including the pledge for equality were carved on the monument. [3] The Japanese felt that this would give the Burmese a real stake in an Axis victory in the Second World War, creating resistance against possible re-colonization by the western powers, and increased military and economic support from Burma for the Japanese war effort. Here's how you say it. On January 4th, the rebel seized the Government House, which served as the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor and one of the main nerve centres of the colonial administration. On the 4th of January, 1925, in the Western Calendar, the Burmese Declaration of Independence was formally issued. Despite these complaints however, xenophobes such as U Ba Pe and Tharrawaddy U Pu nevertheless signed their names to the declaration. Whilst this was enough to further embolden the rebels, some members of the nationalist movement recommended to hold off on formally declaring a Burmese Republic until Rangoon had been fully liberated, or at least until the rebels had seized the other main administrative centre, the Government Secretariat. Three coloured stripes of Yellow, Green and Red, which held historical, cultural and religious significance, accompanied by the symbol of a Peacock. About Independence Day (Myanmar)Independence Day (Burmese: လွတ်လပ်ရေးနေ့) is a national holiday observed annually in Myanmar every 4 January. With the aid of Bhupendra Kumar Datta, the Bengali Jugandar revolutionaries and deserters from the Burma Rifles, a plan was swiftly devised to secure Burma's freedom. However, independence didn't come free as U Nu had to agree that he would not nationalize British companies in Burma, such as Burmah Oil Company.This led to the Communist Party of Burma protesting that we might have gotten the national independence, but we didn't get the economic independence and went guerrilla against the government in the same year. AKA: The Nine, Deep State Shan National Sao Shwe Taik became the new country’s first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister. Pages may have considerable notes/highlighting. 4. citizen of the Union or who, under sub-section (iv) of section 11 of the Constitution, is entitled to elect for citizenship and who has been granted Britain responded by fanning out small columns who burnt down villages and farmland as a punitive measure. The zealous youth were eager to follow the example of the Indian Revolt and mimic its revolutionary justice. An artistic depiction of the ceremony in the Government House. ? Secure .gov websites use HTTPS. In the 19th century, following three Anglo-Burmese Wars, Burma was colonized by Britain. This list may not reflect recent changes (). Burma also declares herself to be a brother in arms to the government of Free India. The document was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung,[1] U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. It was a multipartisan effort between the several different political groups to create a secret instrument of armed revolt against the British. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less The document was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung, U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. This special holiday holds a great significance in the history of Myanmar, as it marks the date in 1948 when Myanmar declared its independence from Britain. Independence Day is a major celebration in Myanmar which allows the Burmese individuals to reflect on their nation’s history and independence! The 10th day from the Full Moon Day of the month of Tazaungmone marks the day in 1920 when Burmese students of Rangoon University began anti-British colonial riots.Independence, however, was achieved much later on January 4, 1948. On the 4th of January, 1925, in the Western Calendar, the Burmese Declaration of Independence was formally issued. The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. Advertisement - story continues below The Burmese Revolt, also known as the Burmese War of Independence, the Burmese Revolution or the 4th Anglo-Burmese war, was an anti-colonial uprising in the Province of Burma, at that time a part of the British Raj. October, 1925 (de-facto)Ongoing (de-jure) Begin Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. Taking inspiration from their Indian comrades, the Burmese Nationalists immediately prioritized getting their hands on advanced military grade weaponry, which could be used to liberate the cities of Rangoon and Mandalay, which would thereafter become the beating hearts of the revolution. The oath of solidarity with India became the most controversial element of the declaration, and Nationalist Party politicians had previously denounced how Indian advisors had "forcefully" inserted it into the text. A palpable tension within Rangoon, as the British Imperial Police round up suspected insurrectionists. way to the Burmese Army ending its use of rape and sexual violence. The Imperial Royal House of Sampson El … The first years of Burmese independence were marked by successive insurgencies by the Red Flag Communists led by Thakin Soe, the White Flag Communists led by Thakin Than Tun, the Yèbaw Hpyu (White-band PVO) led by Bo La Yaung, a member of the Thirty Comrades, army rebels calling themselves the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by Communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut … Imperial CMYE Declaration – Imperial CMYE Government Decree (ICMYEDGD) Imperial Constitution of the Continental Mu’urish Yamaxi Empire (ICCMYE) Declaration of Independence (DIINPCMYE) Imperial Royal Houses. https://kaiserreich.fandom.com/wiki/Burmese_Revolt?oldid=21456. A draft of which had been circulating around the nationalist movement ever since mid-October, the previous year, and many of Burma's foremost intellectuals and artists had lent their wisdom and creativity to forge the document which would come to define the reborn nation. 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