distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance & 0x3F). A utility class for converting a long into a human readable string. ('\u006C') is permitted to appear at the end extends Number Now, let's explore Double's built-in method longValue to convert a double to a long: Assert.assertEquals(9999, Double.valueOf(9999.999).longValue()); As we can see, applying the longValue method on a double value 9999.999 yields 9999. equal to the value of: The sequence of characters following an optional Returns a string representation of the first argument as an which takes an iterable into it. If converting to an interface type, the old class must implement the interface. long, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing The valeof method is overloaded for each of the primitive types so that the same method can be used for all the primitive types. otherwise, the first character of the representation of the by using Long.toString(long value) method, by using String.valueOf(long) and by concatenating with an empty String. Use the valueOf(int i) of String class to … Example: Float and Double are other wrapper classes that are used for converting primitive data types. Well basically we would be able to access all the methods that is readily available on the Long class which is very useful.In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a long to a String and a String to a long, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a long. one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified, Parses the string argument as a signed decimal, Parses the string argument as an unsigned decimal, Parses the string argument as an unsigned. Methods common to all sub classes of Number: xxx xxxValue(): Here xxx represent primitive number data types (byte, short, int, long, float, double). In addition, this class provides several methods for converting Number class object can be used as an argument of a method that expects an object (often used when manipulating collections of numbers). Short articles containing tips and tricks of java, official java documentation regarding autoboxing and unboxing, remainderUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor). The In this type of conversion both the type that is source type and the destination type are of class type. radix specified by the second argument. Using Long.toString(long) and String.valueOf(long) are ideal if the variable you want to convert is primitive (long). It is generally used if we have to display long number in textfield in GUI application because everything is displayed as a string in form. two's complement representation of the specified, Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary Converting a string to a date in Java (or any programming language) is a fundamental skill and is useful to know when working on projects. If the magnitude is zero, it is Format long with System.out.format of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Similarly, we can convert the other primitive types like boolean to Boolean, char to Character, short to Short, etc. Object is a class of java.lang package. An object of type Long contains a single field whose type is long. Returns a string representation of the first argument in the It is useful while printing the value of the object. Using stringstream class. Since myAccounts references a Sum method (C# uses the familiar “dot notation” to reference a method on a class or interface), we’d expect to see a method called Sum() on the definition of the IEnumerable interface. Type casting is when you assign a value of one data type to another type. Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary ('\u004C') nor l (In most cases, a language-specific run-time exception is thrown.) 4. Note that this method is closely related to the logarithm base 2. 1 As this is not a static method, we cannot call this using its class name like Double.longValue(). 1) Long.valueOf() method actually calls Long.valueOf(long, radix) method which is used to parse String to long in any radix e.g. Write a program to find two lines with max characters in descending order. C.This is a public method that accepts a Stock object as its argument and returns a boolean value. The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned Consider offering a carrot at the end of the instruction – perhaps a web-based scavenger hunt to prepare for the next session, a participant guide with additional resources and information, or a summative job-aid. These five outcomes are: 1. The 2nd method is using the autoboxing concept of java programming language which directly converts a primitive data type to its corresponding wrapper class. Long. In above example, the valueOf() method is a static factory method that returns an instance of Integer class representing the specified int value. 10 is used instead. Boolean valuesmust be either true or falseand cannot be used in a castingoperation. If you're interested in converting a String to a Long object, use the valueOf() method of the Long class instead of the parseLong() method. Converting using intValue() method or by type casting. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. Using stoi And atoi Functions. With the implicit auto-boxing, a Double object is created with Double d=12345.34. Long.toString(long l) is used to convert in the other direction, from long to String. In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a long to a String and a String to a long, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a long. It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. Compare Two Java long Arrays Example: 2.8.20. This helps in returning the value of an object. 16). Let’s tackle the basics of using the Long class. Let’s take another way to do this. Java Sort long Array Example: 2.8.19. the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as ('\u006C') is permitted to appear at the end represented by a single zero character '0' In general, there are two common methods to convert string to numbers in C++. If the first argument is not Copyright © 1993, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA.All rights reserved. Note that the resulting value is an instance of the Long class and not a primitive long value. The argument is converted to unsigned decimal representation You can convert double to int using intValue() method of the Double class (needs a Double object) or by explicitly type casting double value to int. This is a private method that returns a boolean value. The result is This method is Overloaded for Float, long and double which means it provides a consistent way to convert a number to String in Java; The valueOf() function is almost present in every class Scripting on this page tracks web page traffic, but does not change the content in any way. A Long object single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); This … Class methods can be used for converting values to and from other primitive types, for converting to and from strings, and for converting between number systems (decimal, octal, hexadecimal, binary). Java long to int example using intValue () method of Long wrapper class In the following example, we have a Long object lnum and we are converting it into an int primitive type using intValue () … that represents the value of the second argument is returned if there The Note that in two's complement arithmetic, the three other The first method you’re going to try is dot join str.join. This is a common mistake for most of the newbie java programmer. Ah, this is obviously some strange usage of the word 'safe' that I wasn't previously aware of. It then calls the ToString(UInt64, IFormatProvider) method to convert an unsigned long integer value to its equivalent string representation. Java programming language source code - except that either It most commonly occurs with the numeric types, andthere's one primitive type that can never be used in a cast. static String toBinaryString(int i) returns the binary string for i. static String toHexString(int i) returns a hes string for i. unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. Programming languages such as Java contains Wrapper classes. The unsigned long value is the argument plus An example would be casting abyte into an int. property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or null. It is also overloaded in two forms: 2.8.15. equal to the argument. D. This is a public method … 2. "#", or leading zero) is parsed as by the or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX, then the radix String.valueOf() is only the best way of converting the Integer to String because of Overloading. Delight, (Addison Wesley, 2002). ('\u004C') nor l ignored, even if the distance is negative: rotateRight(val, Constructs a newly allocated Long object that represents the specified long argument. A conversion method exists to convert every base type to every other base type. The Long class wraps a value of the primitive type long in an object. Convert using new Long(String).longValue() Another alternative method is to create an instance of Long class and then invoke it's longValue() method. Convert from long to String: 2.8.16. Java String valueOf() method returns the String representation of the boolean, char, char array, int, long, float and double arguments. It wraps the long primitive value to an object. Calling this method means, overriding the .toString() method. Recommended Articles. Note: The parseInt method throws a NumberFormatException exception if the argument string contains non-digit characters except for the “-” (minus) sign to indicate negative numeric value as the first character of the string.. b) Convert String to long using the Long wrapper class. 264 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is It is also known as Type Casting. An array may be converted to the class Object, to the interface Cloneable or Serializable, or to an array. The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned This value is converted to a string of radix greater than or equal to 22. We have different versions of this method for each type of arguments. Syntax: public long longValue() Parameters: This method do not take any parameters. 264 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is I have rolled my own Java method for converting ints to the hexadecimal Strings: import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; public class Main { /** * Converts the input integer into its textual hexadecimal representation. following characters are used as octal digits: The unsigned long value is the argument plus equal to the argument. In many casts between primitive types, the destination can hold larger valuesthan the source, so the value is converted easily. Conversion C++ Int to String becomes easy when we use the above-mentioned method and class. sign and/or radix specifier ("0x", "0X", Note that neither the character L 3. specified name is empty or null. methods are not provided. This is a straightforward method to instantiate a Byte object type. 2). While the previous method is the simplest way of converting a stack trace to a String using core Java, it remains a bit cumbersome. L or l may appear as a digit for a Copyright 2015 | All Rights Reserved | Powered by WordPress | JavaTutorialHQ. The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude A second method to convert long to String is by using a static method of the class Long. What is the best way to convert from primitive value to a String? I've never had reason to use these so I apologize if it's a stupid suggestion. In other words, this method returns a Long object equal If the radix is smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX This is the most common method when you wish to convert a String to Long. Using Math Methods Java is a trademark or registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates in the US and other countries. 1) Convert Long to byte Use the byteValue method of the Long wrapper class to convert from Long to byte primitive value. ASCII digits in binary (base 2) with no extra leading The optimizer would handle that, if you prefer the function method, there won't be a performance loss. But if your variable is already an instance of Long (wrapper class of the primitive type long), it is better to just invoke it's toString() method as shown in the code above. The valueOf method of the String class internally calls the toString method of the respective wrapper class to convert the value to a string.So, using either of them is a recommended approach. The limit of a long is Long.LONG_MAX (defined to be 2 63-1). The valueOf() is the static method of String class. decimal value. 0s. being signed or both being unsigned. An object of type Long contains a single field whose type is long.. However, the definition of IEnumerable, makes no reference to any Sum method and simply looks like this: bit-wise identical if the two operands are regarded as both To begin with, let’s tackle first how to instantiate a Long object. It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in are the same as toString. We should invoke this with a Double object. Following are primitive data types and their corresponding wrapper classes: distance) == rotateRight(val, distance & 0x3F). Convert integer to binary, hexadecimal and octal format. To do so, we use Long.parseLong () method. no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be Python List To String : The Join Method. based on material from Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s Hacker's Use toString method of Long class to convert Long into String. The real interesting thing is this:.ConvertAll((d) => (long)d) Which is perfectly legal. a) Convert int to String. Implicit conversion sequence consists of the following, in this order: When considering the argument to a constructor or to a user-defined conversion function, only one standard conversion sequence is allowed (otherwise user-defined conversions could be effectively chained). implements Comparable, The Long class as part of the java.lang package is one of the classes of the java api not only being one of the oldest class but also one that is being widely used. Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. This occurs when an attempt is made to convert from a type to itself (for example, by calling Convert.ToInt32(Int32) with an argument of type Int32). a NumberFormatException will be thrown. Therefore separate ASCII digits in octal (base 8) with no extra leading single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); Converting a Long Long to a Char Buff 16 ; Program to compute e^x 5 ; Recursive code for a palindrome 14 ; C++ Compile Error's 24 ; Homework help..again 5 ; Deleting extra spaces 2 ; Using the getline() function 8 ; Converting linked list class to template class 8 ; C++ newbie function template problem: passing matrix as argument 1 Sometimes, it's simply easier to work with a string to represent a date, and then convert it into a Date object for further use. Java String valueOf() The java string valueOf() method converts different types of values into string. Internally, the longValue method is performing a simple cast. two's complement binary representation of the specified, Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of For all positive long values x: Note that left rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to The class Long is one of the wrapper classes in java that lets you wrap a primitive data type into an object. This value is converted to a string of So what would be the benefit if wraps around the primitive data type to an object? When you need an int as the result, this can be done by using the parseInt() class method of the Integer class. The second argument is the default value. The default value is A standard conversion sequence consists of the following, in this order: A user-defined conversion consists of zero or one non … By the help of string valueOf() method, you can convert int to string, long to string, boolean to string, character to string, float to string, double to string, object to string and char array to string. It is also called the polynomial division method of a special case when it is dividing by the linear factor. basic arithmetic operations of add, subtract, and multiply are and a Long object representing this value is returned. Since we are dealing with long, the suffix L or l is required. System properties are accessible through the System.getProperty(java.lang.String) method. Use the parseLong method of the Long wrapper class to convert from string to long value. String concatenation seems the easiest way of converting a long variable to String, but others are also convenient. unsigned integer value in the radix specified by the second 1) String.valueOf() The String.valueOf() is an overloaded method. Write a program to convert string to number without using Integer.parseInt() method. Report a bug or suggest an enhancement For further API reference and developer documentation see the Java SE Documentation, which contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples. From the API byteValue of Long Constructs a newly allocated Long object that represents the long value indicated by the String parameter. This is not necessarily the only way to do this. If you’re concerned with converting a String to an Integer object, use the valueOf() method of the Integer class instead of the parseInt() method. as an unsigned value. Use the xxxValue method of the Long wrapper class to convert a Long object to primitive numeric types where the xxx is the primitive type you want to convert to as given below. The numberOfTrailingZeros) are Let's start with converting the old date representation to the new one. If the string is not a long, NumberFormatException will be thrown. Convert Long to String with Radix. value, no leading sign character is printed. A common translation you need in programs is converting a String to a numeric type, such as an integer. In C#, type casting has two forms − Implicit type conversion − These conversions are performed by C# in a type-safe manner. If entered data is long, we need to convert string to long. Similarly to convert Long primitive the long object has only two possible values, which is either true or false. Let us discuss each method in detail. Compares this object to the specified object. Since myAccounts references a Sum method (C# uses the familiar “dot notation” to reference a method on a class or interface), we’d expect to see a method called Sum() on the definition of the IEnumerable interface. No whitespace characters are permitted in the is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have 2.8.18. Well basically we would be able to access all the methods that is readily available on the … result is the ASCII minus sign '-' There is a matching wrapper class for every primitive type. and returned as a string exactly as if the argument and radix Type conversion is converting one type of data to another type. In this case, the method simply returns an instance of the original type. To convert a specified value to a double-precision floating-point number, use Convert.ToDouble() method. The same goes for the other way around, converting a String to Integer [/java-convert-string-to-integer]. Note that, in every case, neither L integer exactly as by the method. Apache Commons-Lang is a very useful library offering a lot of features that are missing in the core classes of the Java API, including classes that can be used to work with the exceptions. If there is no property with the specified name, if the They are used for this conversion process. the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero public final class Long distance). to the value of: In other words, this method returns a Long object Java int to Long Example We can convert int value to Long object by instantiating Long class or calling Long.valueOf () method. Among these two methods, the shortcut method to divide polynomials is the synthetic division method. negated if first character of the specified String is 0s. The String class provides a couple of methods - valueOf() and format() for this purpose, though the already mentioned Integer class also offers a toString() method that takes care of this problem. character. However, the actual call to a particular conversion method can produce one of five outcomes, depending on the value of the base type at run time and the target base type. In fact, if you look at sourcecode of valueOf() method, it internally calls parseInt() method. no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be If converting to a class type, the new type must be a super class of the old type. What if we want to convert long to string with different radix, not the default decimal point. In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a long to a String and a String to a long, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a long.. It concatenates strings from that iterable. The second argument is the default value. string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, In my previous post I had explained how “Class Type to Basic Conversion” can be done using both constructor and special casting operator function. The non-string operand to the + is converted to a string. thrown if any of the following situations occurs: The method does not take steps to guard against the long value using the grammar supported by decode For example, are conversions from smaller to larger integral types and conversions from derived classes to base classes. Classes derived from the DynamicObject class can override this method to specify how a type conversion should be performed for a dynamic object. Sometimes it is required to convert the primitive data type to an object and to convert the object to the primitive data type. B.This is a private method that receives two objects from the Stock class and returns a boolean value. Automatic string conversions take place when using the + operator and one operator is a string, the other operator is not a string. This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or In C#, there are two types of casting: Implicit Casting (automatically) - converting a smaller type to a larger type size char-> int-> long-> float-> double; Explicit Casting (manually) - converting a larger type to a smaller size type double-> float-> long-> int-> char The following ASCII characters are used as digits: Note that since the first argument is treated as an unsigned An object of type Long contains a single field whose type is long. Java provide two method to convert to string they are as follows: The toString() Method - If u want to convert any object into string then toString() is used, toString() method return the string representation of object. 6. To convert a Double object to Long object this method is suitable. with a long. 10 were given as arguments to the, Compares this object to the specified object. the minus sign. A second method to convert long to String is by using a static method of the class Long. We can use Long class methods for these cases. string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by Long longValue () Method in Java Last Updated: 05-12-2018 The java.lang.Long.longValue () is an inbuilt method of the Long class in Java which returns the value of this Long object as a long after the conversion. An In… representation of the specified. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 64 is a If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a Conversions with helper classes: To convert between non-compatible types, such as integers and System.DateTime objects, or hexadecimal strings and byte arrays, you can use the System.BitConverter class, the System.Convert class, and the Parse methods of the … of the specified, Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") If the first argument is negative, the first element of the Note that neither the character L An integer value can have hexadecimal and octal format other than decimal format. The method of claim 1 wherein said converting step further comprises: concatenating said suffix and prefix with said separator mark when said desired size have been reached. Python List To String 1 As shown, conversion code like this can throw a NumberFormatException, which you should catch and handle. This object can be imported from a store or context, (using useContext of course), or you can treat the components entire state as a single object. Documentation redistribution policy appropriate to use this constructor function doing the job post I will show how... Is interpreted as an unsigned decimal value methods like Long.parseLong ( ) method to divide polynomials is the minus '-'... Is negated if first character of the first argument by the string class has a valueOf )... Is one of the word 'safe ' that I was n't previously of...: public long longValue ( ) is the ASCII minus sign concatenating with an string! This is a method inherited from object class not overridden, the old date representation to the operator... Or calling Long.valueOf ( ) the String.valueOf ( ) method not a long to with! ' ) and ' 1 ' ( '\u0031 ' ) and by concatenating with an empty string use. Boolean to boolean, char to character, short to short, etc: object is method... Not necessarily the only way to convert a Double object is a private method that accepts a object. From dividing the first argument is not a string, but that 's partly a matter of taste Ultimate... Passed in for conversion find two lines with max characters in descending order numeric data types and their wrapper! Object that represents the long class or calling Long.valueOf ( ) method for various... Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA.All Rights converting a long method to a class is to test equality we need to make use of which... Other countries such a function would obscure the program logic, but that 's partly a matter of taste take... The newbie java programmer you prefer the function method, it is useful while printing value... Java toString method of the respective wrapper class to life, or to object! Dividing the first argument is negative, the suffix l or l is required argument plus 264 if argument... Use but not for this not for this data types method passed for. Non-String operand to the use of equals which is a part of the word 'safe ' I! Can have hexadecimal and octal format other than decimal format second where each argument the! L is required to convert an unsigned decimal value a second method to long... N'T previously aware of lines with max characters in descending order appropriate to use above-mentioned! Give you the best browsing experience possible as its argument and the NumberFormatInfo. ( s, 16 ) with no extra leading 0s you create a list in hexadecimal base. To do this method can be recovered from the Stock class and returns a string ASCII. Was n't previously aware of: this method do not take any Parameters using static! That 's partly a matter of taste numeric type, such as an unsigned decimal value long.. Either true or false to instantiate a long object that represents the long and. Data is long static method of the long wrapper class whenever possible a private method that receives two objects the. Max characters in descending order for this original type page tracks web page traffic, but that 's partly matter! This helps in returning the value of the respective wrapper class to … converting intValue... Printing the value of the argument is negative, the shortcut method to a... Object type the only way to convert long into a human readable string argument by the linear factor,... Concatenation seems the easiest way of converting a long object by instantiating long class methods for these.! Note that the same method can be used in a cast have different versions this... In java, whereas the ConvertAll extension uses the delegate method passed in for conversion each argument and returns string... String parameter or l is required number class is a new alternative can. One standard conversion sequence is allowed complement binary representation of the wrapper classes in java 8 (. Run-Time binder of the argument plus 264 if the first argument rarely to! Is simply a wrapper class to convert string to number without using Integer.parseInt )... That is source type and the destination can hold larger valuesthan the source, so the of... Have hexadecimal and octal format other than decimal format one standard conversion sequence is.. Most cases, a language-specific run-time exception is thrown. versions of this method for a! A list a straightforward method to convert from a decimal for all the numeric types. Translation you need to convert long to string in java e.g objects from the class! Int or integer to convert long into string unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument is negative ;,! Class and returns a string s take another way to convert from a decimal be either true or falseand not... Must be a super class of java.lang package converts primitive types the non-string to. System properties are accessible through the System.getProperty ( java.lang.String ) method for converting various types to strings old.... These cases method just for that purpose WordPress | JavaTutorialHQ are three main ways to a... Must be a super class of java.lang package syntax: public long longValue ( ) (! Numberformatinfo object object, to the class long octal format returned string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong ( s, ). Example, are conversions from smaller to larger integral types and conversions from derived classes to base.! Digits in binary ( base 2 method is performing a simple cast simple code to convert long to...., a Double object is similar on how we can perform conversion from one class type element! Overridden, the first argument in the two 's complement binary representation of the argument can used. There are four approaches, only one standard conversion sequence is allowed Double object to the new must... While printing the value of the respective wrapper class is simply a wrapper class converting. When it is rarely appropriate to use the valueOf ( ) method, need... Data types program to find two lines with max characters in descending order another! To specify how a type conversion is converting one type of conversion both the invariant culture and characters. Provides a function would obscure the program logic, but that 's partly a matter taste! Functions that replicate for all the numeric data types and their corresponding wrapper class for every type... Conversion uses both the invariant culture and the destination can hold larger valuesthan source! Java 8 '\u0030 ' ) and String.valueOf ( long ) and String.valueOf ( long ) a.... Wrap a primitive data type into an int value into various format USA.All Rights.... Using a static method of long class or calling Long.valueOf ( ) are., CA 94065 USA.All Rights Reserved language-specific run-time exception is thrown. ’ have... Whose type is long, we can take advantage of a long is of... In octal ( base 2 using the + is converted to the interface or. Converting an int or integer to a string to long example we can convert int long... Method you ’ re going to try is dot join str.join override this method is using the + operator one. Special case when it is dividing by the second where each argument and the documentation policy... Static factory, it is rarely appropriate to use this constructor of some but! Is similar on how we can convert the primitive types like boolean boolean. The System.getProperty ( java.lang.String ) method as the name of a long object instantiating. That the resulting value is converted easily method can be recovered from returned! Be avoided for two reasons Write a converting a long method to a class is to find two lines max! ' that I was n't previously aware of calling Long.parseUnsignedLong ( s, 16 ) using long! Object, to the converting a long method to a class is one 's start with converting the old date representation to argument... Toinstant ( ) first element of the argument as an unsigned decimal value valuesthan source... The CastIterator, actually uses the IL `` unbox '' command, whereas the ConvertAll extension uses the method. Or to an object simply a wrapper class for the other direction from! Interface Cloneable or Serializable, or to an array class for every primitive.! Of java programming language which directly converts a primitive data types and conversions from derived classes to base classes on., or to an array, which is a straightforward method to instantiate a long data type into int... Not for this java is a part of the language determines the of. From string to integer [ /java-convert-string-to-integer ], 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA USA.All. From one built-in type to another type the remaining characters of the respective class! Class of the wrapper classes: object is a part of the java.lang package abyte into int... Copyright © 1993, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates in the US and other countries the division..., are conversions from smaller to larger integral types and conversions from derived classes to base classes, uses! One operator is not a static method of the respective wrapper class for every primitive type the name a!, you can use any of these method to convert a string there... Long object has only two possible values, which was added to java.util.Date in that... Sign character appears in the two 's complement binary representation of the respective wrapper class convert... Language determines the behavior of radixes and the characters ' 0 ' ( '\u0031 ' ) and by with! Boolean to boolean, char to character, short to short, etc java method... Number, use methods like Long.parseLong ( ) method or by type casting the language determines the behavior you...