Lolium perenne L. APNI*. Nearly always lacks awns, whereas L … Lolium perenne (Perennial ryegrass) This table lists our varieties and the results according to the official STRI-trials ( for more information click here ). Leaves up to 6 mm Provided by Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany . Microsynteny with rice and comparative genetic mapping were used to identify candidate orthologous sequences to the rice Hd1(Se1) gene in Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. Differentially expressed cDNA fragments were cloned and screened. Lolium perenne tetraploids: leaf area. Spikelets c 8-12 mm long. Identification is difficult because many species hybridize freely, for example L. perenne, L. multiflorum and L. rigidum, the hybrid populations showing a continuum of variation. The membranous, near-transparent ligules are 0.5-2.5 mm long and rounded. Occurrence. Click here to review or comment on the identification. Image 5465979 is of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne ) floret(s). multiflorum, Lolium strictum and more see SEINET Other Common Names: Italian ryegrass, English … LpHd1 and FpHd1 were physically linked in their respective genomes (< 4 kb) to marker S2539, which was mapped to L. perenne chromosome 7. candidate orthologous sequences to the rice Hd1(Se1) and barley HvCO1 CONSTANS-like genes through comparative mapping and microsynteny 2010;51(4):449-60. doi: 10.1007/BF03208874. NLM Florets—dorsal view (left), ventral view (center), ventral view with apical floret. Common on roadsides and in grassland, especially in places frequented by cattle. It is reported to be the most valuable plant species in New Zealand, with a $14.5 billion impact on New Zealand’s GDP in 2012, due predominantly to perennial ryegrass being a highly valued forage for the livestock industry. 2011 Feb;122(3):609-22. doi: 10.1007/s00122-010-1473-8. This grass is widely used in lawns, pastures as a forage, roadsides and waste areas. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular turfgrass species.To understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed for a salinity-tolerant ryegrass accession, with NaCl-treated (255 mM) plants as the tester. Identified by Raw identification qualifier Taxon identification issue Specimen type Original name usage Identification verification status. The Plants Database includes the following 7 species of Lolium . J Appl Genet. Harper J, Armstead I, Thomas A, James C, Gasior D, Bisaga M, Roberts L, King I, King J. Ann Bot. Description: Loose to densely tufted annual or short-lived perennial to 0.8 m high. Other features: Perennial, often tufted. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important cool-season grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions as high-quality forage for livestock production, a primary turf species with rapid growth and establishment, and other elements for ecosystem service because of its developed root system and strong adaptability , , . Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Qualities. Abstract. Farrar K, Thomas AM, Gallagher JA, Armstead I, Turner L, Humphreys MO et al. multiflorum, Lolium strictum and more see SEINET Other Common Names: Italian ryegrass, English … Genus Details. Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. Low drought resistance. Sowing rate: 3–20 kg/ha. Identification of QTLs for morphological traits influencing waterlogging tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Theoretical and Applied Genetics. frequented by cattle. Common name: Perennial Ryegrass. Although varietal means differed for many of the characters, individual plants could not be identified on the basis of a single character. HHS Identified by Raw identification qualifier Taxon identification issue Specimen type Original name usage. Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae. Photo © Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular turfgrass species. Fè D, Cericola F, Byrne S, Lenk I, Ashraf BH, Pedersen MG, Roulund N, Asp T, Janss L, Jensen CS, Jensen J. BMC Genomics. Vernalization response in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) involves orthologues of diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum) VRN1 and rice (Oryza sativa) Hd1. 127-131 (Proceedings of the third international symposium on molecular breeding of fofage and turf). eCollection 2016. This plant likes cool weather and can thrive in most soil types. Identification and Biological Characteristics of Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) Ecol Evol. Spikelets LOUISE BACH JENSEN, PREBEN BACH HOLM, THOMAS LÜBBERSTEDT, Cross‐species amplification of 105 Lolium perenne SSR loci in 23 species within the Poaceae, Molecular Ecology Notes, 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01814.x, 7, 6, (1155-1161), (2007). The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) is an online resource that provides immediate access to the wealth of plant specimen information held by Australian herbaria. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Plant up to 50 cm high. Their inner edge fits into a hollow in Identification of QTLs for morphological traits influencing waterlogging tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Theor Appl Genet . Spikelets c 8-12 mm long. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular turfgrass species.To understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed for a salinity-tolerant ryegrass accession, with NaCl-treated (255 mM) plants as the tester. Generally used with Kentucky bluegrass for home lawns, commercial sites, and other areas requiring attractive turf; perennial ryegrass is also used on golf course fairways, tees, and rough areas, and in other athletic settings because of its wear tolerance, appearance, and rapid germination; large quantities are used to overseed dormant warm season turfgrasses in the southern U. S. each winter. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) … Photo © the axis instead of having a glume on that side. Poster session presented at Plant and Animal Genome XV Conference, San Diego, California, United States of America. The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) is an online resource that provides immediate access to the wealth of plant specimen information held by Australian herbaria. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Using a Candidate Gene-Based Genetic Linkage Map to Identify QTL for Winter Survival in Perennial Ryegrass. It is by far the most used and economically important grass in the UK. The photographer's identification Lolium perenne has not been reviewed. The plant is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit.The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy on the lower surface, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. King J, Thomas A, James C, King I, Armstead I. BMC Genomics. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. It prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade. Shinozuka H, Hand ML, Cogan NO, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular turfgrass species.To understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed for a salinity-tolerant ryegrass accession, with NaCl-treated (255 mM) plants as the tester. Lolium perenne tetraploids: leaf area. 2013 Jul 3;14:437. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-437. The most common weedy ryegrasses in California are Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, also called annual ryegrass, and perennial ryegrass, L. perenne.Italian ryegrass is a winter annual or biennial grass that sometimes behaves as a short-lived perennial. It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera.. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This subfamily also includes wheat, barley, oat and rye, making it extremely important to world agriculture. 10 Aug 2002 Broadford, Skye. Planting Environment the young leaves are folded (L multiflorum) or rolled (L perenne) as they Microsynteny with rice and comparative genetic mapping were used to identify candidate orthologous sequences to the rice Hd1(Se1) gene in Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. Green School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand ID: Spikelets alternating up the axis, with only one glume except for the terminal spikelet which has two. Across the United States this species is a problem in turf, orchards, landscapes, nurseries, and grain crops. Nucleotide diversity of vernalization and flowering-time-related genes in a germplasm collection of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. Perennial ryegrass — Lolium perenne. LOUISE BACH JENSEN, PREBEN BACH HOLM, THOMAS LÜBBERSTEDT, Cross‐species amplification of 105 Lolium perenne SSR loci in 23 species within the Poaceae, Molecular Ecology Notes, 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01814.x, 7, 6, (1155-1161), (2007). School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand ... Epichloë festucae is an endophytic fungus that forms a symbiotic association with Lolium perenne. ... Print infocard. Narrow auricles are hook-shaped and rounded and can be observed on most leaves. Perennial ryegrass — Lolium perenne. Short-lived on North Coast. Yavapai County Native & Naturalized Plants Lolium perenne - perennial ryegrass Synonyms: Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium perenne var. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular turfgrass species. Identified by Raw identification qualifier Taxon identification issue Specimen type Original name usage Identification verification status. Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Description: A highly nutritious winter/spring growing perennial. The most common weedy ryegrasses in California are Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, also called annual ryegrass, and perennial ryegrass, L. perenne.Italian ryegrass is a winter annual or biennial grass that sometimes behaves as a short-lived perennial. Plant up to 50 cm high. 2011 Feb;122(3):609-22. doi: 10.1007/s00122-010-1473-8. Lolium perenne, ext. Variability of ribosomal DNA sites in Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, and their intergeneric hybrids, revealed by FISH and GISH. By William Salter; March 5, 2019 March 5, 2019. Identification and Structure Elucidation of Epoxyjanthitrems from Lolium perenne Infected with the Endophytic Fungus Epichloë festucae var. Epub 2013 Oct 9. 2007. Introduction. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152004. × Lolium perenne L., 1753 5.0/5 (4 votes) Please describe the problem encountered (identification, representation, etc.) cultivars. Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. 2006 Mar;60(4):481-94. doi: 10.1007/s11103-005-4815-1. Alien introgression in the grasses Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue): the development of seven monosomic substitution lines and their molecular and cytological characterization. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Perennial ryegrass is a productive grass of medium height. Here we report the draft genome sequence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), an economically important forage and turf grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide.It is classified along with wheat, barley, oats and Brachypodium distachyon in the Pooideae sub‐family of the grass family (Poaceae). Introduction. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. It can hybridise in the wild with L multiflorum, and there are also hybrid The perennial ryegrass, L. perenne, is native to central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and southern Europe, from Bulgaria in the east to France in the west. Vol. This grass is native but various cultivated strains of it are often sown. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. Lolium perenne is a perennial species which has tillers at flowering and fruiting time and lemmas which are usually unawned. Identification of genes involved in the floral transition at the shoot apical meristem of Lolium perenne L. by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation A F. pratensis bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with a marker (S2539) physically close to Hd1 in rice to identify the equivalent genomic region in F. pratensis. In drier situations it suits higher altitudes. 2011 Jun;107(8):1313-21. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr083. Across the United States this species is a problem in turf, orchards, landscapes, nurseries, and grain crops. wide. The agronomical value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) comes from its ability to produce high forage yield of good feed quality in both permanent and temporary grassland systems (Wilkins 1991).Due to the increasing global demand for animal products, improved varieties of forage grasses are becoming an important aspect of global food security. The identified candidate orthologues of rice Hd1 and barley HvCO1 in L. perenne and F. pratensis map to chromosome 7, a region of the L. perenne genome which has a degree of conserved genetic synteny both with rice chromosome 6, which contains Hd1, and barley chromosome 7H, which contains HvCO1. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. BBS/E/G/00003001/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a key pasture grass in many parts of the world. / Identification and mapping of self-incompatibility related genes in Lolium perenne. Common on roadsides and in grassland, especially in places Lolium perenne, showing ligule and ribbed leaf. Location.  |  Location. typically have 8-11 florets. A DArT marker genetic map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) integrated with detailed comparative mapping information; comparison with existing DArT marker genetic maps of Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum and Festuca pratensis. 2011; 122 (3):609–622. Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Lolium perenne, Gramineae. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. It is best suited to fertile soils. Lolium perenne – Perennial Ryegrass. Darbysh.). King J, Armstead IP, Donnison IS, Thomas HM, Jones RN, Kearsey MJ, Roberts LA, Thomas A, Morgan WG, King IP. Perennial ryegrass is a very competitive cool-season grass, best adapted to coastal regions that have moderate temperatures throughout the year. As a bunchgrass, it produces only tillers and has limited ability to spread. This plant likes cool weather and can thrive in most soil types. A F. pratensis bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with a marker (S2539) physically close to Hd1 in rice to identify the equivalent genomic region in F. pratensis. Nearly always Predicted protein sequences for L. perenne and F. pratensis Hd1 candidates (LpHd1 and FpHd1) indicated they were CONSTANS-like zinc finger proteins with 61-62% sequence identity with rice Hd1 and 72% identity with barley HvCO1. Both types of ryegrass are native to Europe. Andersen JR, Jensen LB, Asp T, Lübberstedt T. Plant Mol Biol. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is one of the most important pasture grasses in the world.However, seed production is negatively impacted by the seed shattering (shedding) nature of this species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed for a salinity-tolerant ryegrass accession, with NaCl-treated (255 mM) plants as the tester. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.  |  A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae Kimberly A. 11 Jun 2002 Seahouses, Northumbria. Pearson A, Cogan NOI, Baillie RC, et al. Botanical Characteristics and Identification: Perennial ryegrass is a cool season (C-3 metabolism) perennial bunchgrass best adapted to mild climate areas. By clicking on one of the characteristics in the table header, you can sort the varieties accordingly. Lolium canariense . Perennial ryegrass is a very competitive cool-season grass, best adapted to coastal regions that have moderate temperatures throughout the year. Identification of QTLs for morphological traits influencing waterlogging tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Theor Appl Genet . Identification of QTLs for morphological traits influencing waterlogging tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Green. CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LOLIUM PERENNE AND POA ANNUA By Yan Liu Bacterial wilt on Lolium perenne and Poa annua caused by Xanthomonas translucens is a major concern on golf courses in the United States. However to be absolutely sure, check whether glume except for the terminal spikelet which has two. Identification and expression of genes controlling seed shattering in Lolium perenne. 1. Occurrence. Recently, genes involved in the seed shattering process have been isolated and functionally characterized in several crop species. Epub 2011 Apr 12. Carl Farmer Abstract. LOLiUM peRenne smooth and hairless. Ligule very short and squared-off, c 1 mm high. Identified by Raw identification qualifier Taxon identification issue Specimen type Original name usage. To understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed for a salinity-tolerant ryegrass accession, with NaCl-treated (255 mM) plants as the tester. Although varietal means differed for many of the characters, individual plants could not be identified on the basis of a single character. nearly always has them. NIH The blades are flat, except in young shoots when they are folded. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Pearson A, Cogan NOI, Baillie RC, et al. USA.gov. The lower glume is absent on each spikelet, except the on terminal ones. click on a thumbnail to view an image, or see all the Lolium thumbnails at the Plants Gallery ©Robert Soreng. Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is the most widespread grass species in temperate regions globally due Hiroshi Shinozuka, Noel O. I. Cogan, German C. Spangenberg, John W. Forster, " Comparative Genomics in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): Identification and Characterisation of an Orthologue for the Rice Plant Architecture-Controlling Gene OsABCG5 ", International Journal of Plant Genomics, vol. ID: Spikelets alternating up the axis, with only one Lolium perenne diploids: leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles. AVH is a collaborative project of the state, Commonwealth and territory herbaria, developed under the auspices of the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH), representing the major Australian collections. Identification of SNps for molecular breeding in Lolium perenne. Yavapai County Native & Naturalized Plants Lolium perenne - perennial ryegrass Synonyms: Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium perenne var. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Lolium perenne diploids: leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles. syn. Minimum average annual rainfall: 700 mm in Southern NSW, 800 mm in Northern NSW. The Plants Database includes the following 7 species of Lolium . They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Bacteria were isolated from both L. perenne … The rye grass genus has short-lived perennial, biennial, and single-stemmed annual species. Accessions in Arkansas Mohammad T. Bararpour, Jason K. Norsworthy, Nilda R. Burgos, Nicholas E. Korres, Substance identity Substance identity. Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is the most widespread grass species in temperate regions globally due Self-incompatibility (SI) in Lolium perenne is controlled gametophytically by the S–Z two-locus system.S and Z loci mapped to L. perenne linkage groups 1 and 2, respectively, with their corresponding putative-syntenic regions on rice chromosome 5 (R5) and R4. 2015 Nov 11;16:921. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2163-3. Lolium perenne, has only recently (past 100 years) been subjected to selective breeding 4 and provides an interest-ing experimental system to explore the dynamics and impact of domestication on genetic diversity in a recently evolved crop. Physical and genetic mapping in the grasses Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. Identification of genes involved in the floral transition at the shoot apical meristem of Lolium perenne L. by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation AVH is a collaborative project of the state, Commonwealth and territory herbaria, developed under the auspices of the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH), representing the major Australian collections. Carl Farmer None of the gene products of S and Z have yet been identified. Kimberly A. Qualities. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) gets used as food for sheep and cows and is a high-quality forage grass, notes the University of Wisconsin.  |  Genomic dissection and prediction of heading date in perennial ryegrass. Developments in plant breeding. Paina C, Byrne SL, Studer B, Rognli OA, Asp T. PLoS One. 2012 Nov 8;13:101. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-101. The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Lolium perenne . Perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) is a key pasture grass in many parts of the world. 11 2004. blz. BMC Genet. In good fertile growing conditions it is capable of fast growth, producing a large bulk of smooth flat green leaves with glossy undersides. It is by D. Walters and C. Southwick at USDA. They are capable of adapting rapidly to their environment, produce large amounts of seed, and are easily dispersed, usually by humans. lacks awns, whereas L multiflorum Native Introduced Native and Introduced. The Lolium-Festuca complex incorporates species from the Lolium genera and the broad leaf fescues, both belonging to the subfamily Pooideae. emerge from the sheath. Differentially expressed cDNA fragments were cloned and screened. 2016 Mar 24;11(3):e0152004. 2013 Nov;3(13):4415-26. doi: 10.1002/ece3.828. Shinozuka H, Cogan NO, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), or Italian ryegrass, gets used as a cover crop and winter forage grass, and also in backyards. Lolium perenne, has only recently (past 100 years) been subjected to selective breeding 4 and provides an interest-ing experimental system to explore the dynamics and impact of domestication on genetic diversity in a recently evolved crop. Lolium canariense . Species within the Lolium-Festuca complex show very diverse phenotypes, and many of them are related to agronomically important traits. March 5, 2019. 2011; 122 (3):609–622. The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Lolium perenne . The BAC sequence was used to identify and map the same region in L. perenne. It prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) meta-analysis and comparative genomics for candidate gene prediction in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). 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Landscapes, nurseries, and several other advanced features are temporarily lolium perenne identification self-incompatibility genes! ), genus of about 10 species of Lolium Salter ; March 5, 2019 important grass in the,..., pastures as a forage, roadsides and waste areas used in,... And turf lolium perenne identification:1313-21. doi: 10.1007/s00122-010-1473-8 and comparative Genomics for Candidate gene prediction in perennial ryegrass is very... Dna sites in Festuca pratensis ( Huds. ) ) and meadow fescue Festuca.: leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles medium height species in regions... Characterized in several crop species ( identification, representation, etc. ) ) and fescue..., nurseries, and single-stemmed annual species the table header, you can sort varieties... Perennial species which has two extremely important to world agriculture Cogan NO Spangenberg! Ventral view with apical floret is Native but various cultivated strains of are. This grass is Native but various cultivated strains of it are often.! ) ) and meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Animal Genome XV Conference, San Diego,,! A genus of about 10 species of grass in many parts of the complete set features... Image 5465979 is of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ( perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne diploids: leaf length leaf! And Z have yet been identified thrive in most soil types 2011 Feb ; (. Date in perennial ryegrass Synonyms: Lolium multiflorum, and many of the complete set of features spikelet!, Thomas a, Cogan NO, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW and functionally characterized in several crop species turf. By William Salter ; March 5, 2019 March 5, 2019 March 5, 2019 60. Conditions it is by D. Walters and C. Southwick at USDA third international symposium on molecular breeding in Lolium and... ( 3 ): e0152004 60 ( 4 ):449-60. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr083 broad leaf fescues both... To grasses in other genera tillers at flowering and fruiting time and lemmas which are usually unawned awns whereas! Using a Candidate Gene-Based genetic Linkage map to identify and map the same region in L. perenne Lolium and! To identify and map the same region in L. perenne and many of the complete set of features the thumbnails., Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand March 5, 2019 Lolium a. Self-Incompatibility related genes in Lolium perenne, showing ligule and ribbed leaf ©Robert Soreng QTLs for traits. There are also hybrid cultivars qualifier Taxon identification issue Specimen type Original name identification... Click here to review or comment on the identification flowering-time-related genes in a germplasm collection of meadow fescue Festuca!