Pure economic loss is a special type of negligence that may not be recoverable. See Third-Party Complaint, Dkt. Recovery for pure economic loss in English law, arising from negligence, has traditionally been limited. Was D statement-maker the sole or one of the primary sources of the information, which meant that reliance There are many documents available that try to define pure economic loss, but the basic idea is that it's a loss stemming from negligence. Unwarranted Consequences The historical development of the tort of negligence was in the context of wrongful injuries to person or property. The case law has shown that recovery of pure economic loss may be possible where a "special relationship" between the parties exists. Hedley Byrne Principle A duty of care in relation to pure economic loss will arise if: 1. Details and specs. The intuitive explanation for excluding economic loss "only" from tort liability is that physical injury is more serious than eco-nomic injury. Consider a manufacturing company. DOC to be found in negligence? And there are ways round the pure economic loss rule. ..... 23 C. Amici’s Floodgates Argument Ignores Other Aspects of California Tort Law that Constrain Liability in Under the economic loss doctrine, a commercial buyer of goods is prohibited "from seeking to recover in tort for economic losses that are contractual in nature." Was the information provided in a social setting, or in a commercial or professional setting? (Mismatch), Was the information prepared by D statement-maker for the express purpose of being communicated to C loss The first was California in 1979, followed later by New Jersey and Alaska. These claims are all barred by the economic loss doctrine and must be dismissed as a matter of law. Tort law : Negligently inflicted economic loss . When a claim is brought in tort of negligence, it is generally brought out of two reasons; 1. Economic Loss Due to Negligence Causing a Claimant to Acquire Defective Goods or Property. Floodgate argument a. Or did D have any other financial interest in C Then you have a defendant who negligently destroys those facilities or damages it, then obviously party X can sue the D in property damage because it X’s property. Autonomy of individual (legitimate commercial interests) Vulnerability of P. Knowledge of D to risk and its magnitude. (Monopolistic provider). Main arguments in this case: Not all financial losses are recoverable in tort. Please sign in or register to post comments. The desire to avoid “crushing liability”, i.e. Bright-Line Across-the-Board Economic Loss Rule. (Duty of care will be owed) Or was the Hedley Byrne Principle A duty of care in relation to pure economic loss will arise if: 1. Negligence and Economic Loss. Relational economic loss (aka the ‘exclusionary rule’), Negligent misstatement (also known as Hedley Byrne v Heller liability), Negligent provision of services, giving rise to pure economic loss (also known as ‘the extended principle of The claimants brought a claim in the tort of negligence. Brennan: Tort Law Concentrate 3e Chapter 4: Multiple choice questions. Learning Outcomes: • Understand what is meant by a tort and distinguish between a tort and crime; • Be able to outline the different types of torts and the expected standard of behaviour set out under each one; • Explain the tort of negligence and the four key elements of the tort … Or, on the other hand, was there a close match between the purpose for which the information was at Halsbury [s Laws, ^Pure economic loss _, para. Pure Economic Loss Summarised Notes for the Tort Law module LLB at City University of London - can of course be used for other universities as well! Should be used with the full bundle of notes! Pure economic loss is a special type of negligence that may not be recoverable. Lecture 10 The Law of Tort (1) FoundationLaw2013/14 3. Brennan: Tort Law Concentrate 3e Chapter 4: Multiple choice questions. Was the information prepared by D statement-maker for one purpose, and then C loss sufferer relied on the Joachirn Dietrich* Ever since Hedley Byrne & CO Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd2 rejected an absolute rule precluding liability in negligence for "pure" economic loss, the courts in the common law world have struggled to articulate the boundaries of any such liability, and the means of determining in which circumstances a duty of care … Consequential economic loss=g. information disseminated as voluntarily-given information only? Pure Economic Loss. Question 1 ... Why is the law of negligence reluctant to impose a duty of care for pure economic loss? Hedley Byrne’). Recovery for pure economic loss in English law, arising from negligence, has traditionally been limited.Notably, recovery for losses that are "purely economic" arise under the Fatal Accidents Act 1976; and for negligent misstatements, as stated in Hedley Byrne v. Heller.Economic loss generally refers to financial detriment that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically. (PERRE VAPAND PTY LTD)'. The common law position was significantly changed by this House of Lords decision. To understand when or why liability for economic loss resulting from defective goods or property may arise. Curriculum Vitae prof. dr. Jan van Dunné Contactgegevens Prof. Dr. Jan M. van Dunné Age Born in 1941 Nationality Dutch Firm Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Law, Netherlands (retired) Consulting firm Prof.mr. They argued that the increased exposure to platinum salts (causing platinum sensitisation) resulted in a loss. The law of tort has been reluctant to allow such a claim. Pure Economic Loss Pure economic loss is the result of any negligent act not involving physical damages to property or a person. Economic loss generally refers to financial detriment that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically. Pure Economic Loss Summarised Notes for the Tort Law module LLB at City University of London - can of course be used for other universities as well! Should be used with the full bundle of notes! On Recovery in Tort for Pure Economic Loss. Law for purely economic loss caused by negligent acts ( still in developing state. At trial and in the Court of Appeal, the claimant’s were held to have suffered no actionable ‘damage’, and were unable to recover for pure economic loss. J.M. Why not see if you can find something useful? Traditionally, the courts have been reluctant to allow a pure economic loss claim, due to a fear that potentially unlimited claims could arise.However, the courts are now allowing a pure economic loss to give rise to a claim, if there is a duty of care owed from the defendant to the plaintiff. Ie one where the financial loss is not related to a personal injury or damage to property. sufferer without independent enquiry being made by C? Recovery for economic loss arising from deliberate and reckless acts was allowed in some circumstances Recovery for economic loss which followed as a result of personal injury or property damage has long been allowed in a claim based in negligence. 32:3. Main arguments in this case: Not all financial losses are recoverable in tort. Did C loss sufferer pay D statement-maker for the information? losing money because an injury makes you miss days off work= it’s only a financial loss. was it reasonable to assume that C should have sought independent advice? On Recovery in Tort for Pure Economic Loss. Why not see if you can find something useful? As such the law places significant limits on the recovery of pure economic losses. The case also shows how this duty is affected by the various contracts between different parties. We also stock notes on Contract and Torts II as well as Law Notes generally. Was the information within the scope of the skill and expertise of D statement-maker to give? Why not see if you can find something useful? In a five to four decision, the Supreme Court held that, although pure economic loss may be recoverable in certain circumstances, there is no general right in tort protecting against the negligent (or intentional) infliction of pure economic loss. Definition of Economic Loss• Economic loss = pecuniary or financialloss, both „consequential‟ and „pure‟.• Consequential economic loss – Loss (es)incurred as a result of physical injuries ordamage to property.• Pure economic loss – other losses thatfollow which do not flow from the damage (independent from it). If a claimant suffers no personal injury or damage to property then his los… Lecture 10 law of tort 1. If a claimant suffers personal injury or damage to his property this may lead to economic losses, such as loss of income or cost of hiring a substitute, such losses are categorised as consequential economic loss. 301-306 [10.05-10.20]; 170-174 [7.45-7.50]; 303-308 [10.20-10.30]. (Tri-partite cases), Where the information was passed on from X (the initial recipient of the information) to C loss sufferer, did D The desire to avoid “crushing liability”, i.e. specifically known to D, or was the existence (but not identity) of C, as one of a small and ascertainable class of the course). deprived of [her] commissions; the [teen-age gardener, the. To understand why tort restricts economic claims under negligence. persons, known to D? Moral Standpoint: Not to hold liable in respect of which is unbeknown to D (no assumption of duty). Sappideen, Vines, Grant & Watson, Torts: Commentary and Materials(Lawbook Co, 10th ed, 2009), pp. bad investment advice which makes you lose money. Duty of care - Duty of care owed in negligence Finance Seminar 4 1.9 Pure Economic loss - Tort Law Lecture Notes 2.0 Employer liability and Vicarious Liability 2.1 Private Nuisance, Public Nuisance 2.2 Vicarious Liability docx As a general rule, tort will not compensate for the economic loss of receiving a defective product. This section begins by defining pure economic loss, and the reasons why the law restricts the recovery of such loss. The general rule is that a defendant does not owe any duty of care to a claimant not to cause pure economic loss. provided? Was it reasonable to expect that independent enquiry/advice should have been obtained by C loss sufferer (if The courts have been traditionally reluctant to grant compensation for pure economic loss. 8 . 5M. Sappideen, Vines, Grant & Watson, Torts: Commentary and Materials(Lawbook Co, 10th ed, 2009), pp. How significant a transaction was this to C loss sufferer? The courts are very restrictive in their approach to claims of pure economic loss: the general rule is that ‘pure economic losses’ are not recoverable for t… Why Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd is important. expressly invite C to act on the information so requested and provided? Study notes, revision notes, model answers, flash cards and audio podcasts to use and download - including case summaries, legislation, analysis and further links. from the property value and the actual value at the time (15-5). 2 This reflected the law summarised e.g. 13 of Volume 78 (Negligence) which stated that ^where a defendant negligently damages property belonging to a third party, a claimant who suffers economic loss through dependence on that property, or a … The law and economics of pure economic loss: ... Oxford University Press, 1994) p 84; P Benson ‘The Basis for Excluding Liability for Economic Loss in Tort Law’ in D Owen (ed) Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) p 431. As a general rule the law of tort does not permit recovery of damages for intangible economic loss. In 1688782 Ontario Inc. v. Maple Leaf Foods Inc. 2020 SCC 35, the Supreme Court of Canada clarified the law of tort for pure economic loss THE LITIGATOR Commentary on Law Affecting Business information for some other purpose that didn’t quite match the purpose for which the information was provided, and the purpose for which it was relied upon? of contract)". Courts have been hesitant to give compensation for pure economic loss Fundamental problem is that economic loss can be passed on from one person to another in a way that personal injuries cannot. Recall the rhetorical demand, "your money or your life," to which the answer-turning over the money-is "a fore-gone certitude." acting on the information? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Does C loss sufferer have an avenue of redress by virtue of statute or otherwise, thus obviating the need for a To be able to establish when economic loss is directly linked to physical damage. and D at all? Or was C one of a large and unascertainable class of persons who might rely upon D’s Therefore, in general, if pure economic loss is the only damage suffered it is not recoverable. To know the exceptions to the general exclusion of liability for pure economic loss. E.g. To understand the development of the law with regard to the recoverability of economic loss … PURE ECONOMIC LOSS Pure economic loss is where a claimant has suffered financial damage that does not directly result from personal injury or damage to property – for example, where a product bought turns out to be defective, but does not actually cause injury or damage to other property. Tort Liability For Pure Economic Loss notes and revision materials. Pure Economic Loss Case Study. We also stock notes on GDL Tort Law as well as GDL Law Notes generally. Look at it at the time when the property was valued and See related points made by J Stapleton ‘In Restraint of Tort’ in P Birks (ed) The Frontiers of liability, vol II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) p 84; P Benson ‘The Basis for Excluding Liability for Economic Loss in Tort Law’ in D Owen (ed) Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) p 431. Was it a large and important transaction, whereby inaccurate information would have costly ramifications for C, All major Commonwealthjurisdictions recognize that pure economic loss is recoverable innegligence.• Under English law, the general duty of care test enunciated inCaparo Industries Plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 is applicable to allnegligence claims, including claims for pure economic loss.– (the more significant the more likely a duty was owed) Pure economic loss= a loss that is solely and purely economic C’s less well off than they otherwise would’ve been if the D had acted carefully. PURE ECONOMIC LOSS. When a claim is brought in tort of negligence, it is generally brought out of two reasons; 1. What do I need to make a pure economic loss claim? On November 6, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada released a 5-4 decision on recovery of negligently-caused pure economic loss that will be significant for defendants faced with product liability claims where no physical harm or property damage was caused. (X cannot sue for the loss suffered by the claimant, that means that the Claimant has sue the defendant for … Revision notes: Pure Economic loss. 1) Pure economic loss versus consequential economic loss. After discussing the operation of this exception, the next category is discussed; economic loss due to negligence causing a claimant to acquire defective goods or property. FoundationLaw2013/14 2. It created an exception to the general rule that pure economic loss could not be recovered in tort if caused by negligent statements. The Hedley Byrnerule states that a duty of care is owed if there is a special relationship between the claimant and defendant. on D was more likely on the facts? or was it a ‘run of the mill’ transaction which would not make C’s reliance upon the statement quite as crucial, if A few state supreme courts in the United States have departed from the majority rule and authorized recovery for pure economic loss through tort causes of action (usually negligence). The presiding rule is therefore that pure economic loss is not recoverable - that is, economic losses which cannot be directly traced back to harm to a person or property. at Halsbury [s Laws, ^Pure economic loss _, para. Economic Negligence: The Recovery of Pure Economic Loss, 6th Edition draws upon the law of Canada, the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand to provide a comprehensive treatment of this area of tort law. Answer the following questions and then press 'Submit' to get your score. There are many documents available that try to define pure economic loss, but the basic idea is that it's a loss stemming from negligence. Question 1 ... Why is the law of negligence reluctant to impose a duty of care for pure economic loss? Answer the following questions and then press 'Submit' to get your score. Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd shows the application of the assumption of responsibility test. Pure economic loss is where a claimant has suffered financial damage that does not directly result from personal injury or damage to property – for example, where a product bought turns out to be defective, but does not actually cause injury or damage to other property. This relationship has been described as "almost as close a commercial relationship as is possible to envisage short of privity (i.e. PURE ECONOMIC LOSS: THE LATEST CHAPTER. Notably, recovery for losses that are "purely economic" arise under the Fatal Accidents Act 1976; and for negligent misstatements, as stated in Hedley Byrne v. Heller. Purely economic losses are represented under the Fatal Accidents Act of 1976. Tort Liability For Pure Economic Loss notes and revision materials. Define: pure economic loss is financial damage suffered as a result the negligent act of the other party which is not accompanied by any physical damage to a person or his property. The common law position was significantly changed by this House of Lords decision. The recoverability of pure economic loss in tort largely depends on which category of pure economic loss the loss falls in – but more on that in a moment. Negligently inflicted economic loss . Free study resources for law students (degree and AQA A Level). However, in limited situations the court allows recovery of economic loss that cannot be classified as pure economic loss. If liability were to be imposed for the doing of anything which caused pure economic loss that was foreseeable, the tort of negligence would civil law (tort responsibility) show 10 more Help: Tort Law First coursework grade back, not so good :( How to answer an economic loss negligence question Coursework Help! Generally no duty of care is owed to avoid causing another to suffer a loss which is purely economic. Consequential economic loss easier to quantify, The general framework for the analysis of duty of care. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Dannix Painting, LLC v. Especially contributory negligence (s.1 (1) - partial defence),  Calvert v William Hill Credit Ltd [2008], 1.9 Pure Economic loss - Tort Law Lecture Notes, Copyright © 2020 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Share your documents to get free Premium access, Upgrade to Premium to read the full document, Duty of care - Duty of care owed in negligence, 2.0 Employer liability and Vicarious Liability. In other words, (Not part of 301-306 [10.05-10.20]; 170-174 [7.45-7.50]; 303-308 [10.20-10.30]. Pure economic loss is the result of any negligent act not involving physical damages to property or a person. The seminal statement of Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson1 concerned acts or omissions causing injury to a neighbour. If an electrical contractor negligently cuts through electric cables in the factory, resulting in the factory being ‘unusable’ for the purpose for which it is required, then a claim of pure economic loss would be for the potential earnings the company could have gained had the electric cable not been damaged, and the factory was still usable. ..... 21 B. Amici’s Floodgates Argument Has No Valid Application to this Case. The law of tort has been reluctant to allow such a claim. Tort law should not undermine contract law 2. from the property value and the actual value at the time (15-5). It created an exception to the general rule that pure economic loss could not be recovered in tort if caused by negligent statements. Resources available for the category: Tort. Please sign in or register to post comments. Restatement of the Law Torts: Liability for Physical Harm (Basic Principles) Tentative Draft No. 2 This reflected the law summarised e.g. Does D statement-maker have a protective function re the public that would conflict with a DOC to C. The protection of purely economic interests was the domain of contract law, or in some instances, quasi contract. Economic loss is then divided into … Duty Pure Economic Loss By Negligent Words notes and revision materials. The Hedley Byrnerule states that a duty of care is owed if there is a special relationship between the claimant and defendant. Purely economic losses are represented under the Fatal Accidents Act of 1976. Pure economic loss As the Supreme Court held that the loss was actionable physical harm, Lady Black concluded it was “it is unnecessary to say anything further about the claimants’ alternative argument that they should be able to recover for pure financial loss.” Proving compensation for pure economic loss, examples of an economic tort include interference with economic … A special relationship arises if there is an assumption of responsibility by the defendant (if the defendant knows the claimant is relying on their special skill) and … The concept of "pure economic loss" is most relevant in tort. information/statement? Instructions. Has D statement-maker effectively disclaimed any responsibility for the accuracy of the information? Did D statement-maker know or realise that the information prepared by him would be relied upon by C loss 13 of Volume 78 (Negligence) which stated that ^where a defendant negligently damages property belonging to a third party, a claimant who suffers economic loss through dependence on that property, or a … Economic torts in English law refer to a species of civil wrong which protects the economic wealth that a person will gain in the ordinary course of business. Notably, recovery for losses that are purely economic arise under the Fatal Accidents Act 1976; and for negligent misstatements, as stated in Hedley Byrne v. Heller. Moral Standpoint: Not to hold liable in respect of which is unbeknown to D (no assumption of duty). Recovery for pure economic loss in English law, arising from negligence, has traditionally been limited. Pure Economic Loss notes and revision materials. Law; Study notes; Pure economic loss; Case: Spartan Steel v Martin & Co (1973) Study notes Key Case | Bhamra v Dubb (2010) | Negligence - Damage - Remoteness - Thin Skin Rule. 1 The majority in 1688782 Ontario Inc v Maple Leaf Foods Inc ruled that economic harm suffered by Mr. 5M. McHugh J: relevant principles for DOC of pure economic loss: RF of loss – itself is not a test (policy reasons). Was the statement prepared by D statement-maker in response to a request from C loss sufferer, and/or did D (No duty) Were there any dealings between C yes then no duty of care), regardless of what D statement-maker knew about C’s circumstances? (Duty of care) If so, was C sufferer, or was it actually prepared for X, and C ended up relying on it to his detriment? ignore any subsequent fluctuation.- as these are too remote. van Dunné B.V. Especially contributory negligence (s.1 (1) - partial defence), 2.0 Pure Economic Loss - Tort Law Lecture Notes, Copyright © 2020 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Duty of care - Duty of care owed in negligence, 1.9 Pure Economic loss - Tort Law Lecture Notes, 2.0 Employer liability and Vicarious Liability. We also stock notes on Contract and Torts II as well as Law Notes generally. However, they could not claim for the third loss, which was of a purely economic nature. Areas of applicable law: Tort law – Negligence – Pure economic loss. Tort law should not undermine contract law 2. Facts. 1, sections 21 and 22. Instructions. financial damage suffered as the result of the negligent act of another party which is not accompanied by any physical damage to a person or property See generally section 197 of American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law (Second) of Torts (1965). Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co., 109 Minn. 456 (1910). Look at it at the time when the property was valued and Four distinct types of pure economic loss: Relational economic loss (aka the ‘exclusionary rule’) Floodgate argument a. A special relationship arises if there is an assumption of responsibility by the defendant (if the defendant knows the claimant is relying on their special skill) and … Areas of applicable law: Tort law – Negligence – Pure economic loss. Indeterminancy of liability. We also stock notes on Torts Law as well as Law Notes generally. statement-maker know that the information would be so communicated/passed on? 9 4. The losses of fluctuating house price was not recoverable as this was too remote, but he was able to receive 10 million Why not see if you can find something useful? ignore any subsequent fluctuation.- as these are too remote. [person] who had a contract to paint [the worker's house] may not be able to proceed with [the] work; a [travel agent] who would have sold [the workers vacation packages] may be. 271 at 75-78, ¶¶ 234-58. There have been some cases which appear to ignore this rule, however. The losses of fluctuating house price was not recoverable as this was too remote, but he was able to receive 10 million Economic loss generally refers to financial detriment that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically. (Unlikely to get duty of care). It then goes on to discuss the first of the exceptions to this general exclusion; economic loss due to physical damage. the information turned out to be inaccurate? Pure economic loss TORT LAW AQA Unit 4 Law 2015 Was the information within the scope of the tort of negligence, has traditionally been limited, limited. Injury is more serious than eco-nomic injury be classified as pure economic is. 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( Second ) of Torts ( 1965 ) classified as pure economic loss notes and materials. Other financial interest in C acting on the information of purely economic loss by negligent statements that Harm. Or did D have any other financial interest in C acting on the information Multiple choice questions Fatal!, however Lords decision the concept of `` pure economic loss notes and revision materials revision materials of. There have been some cases which appear to ignore this rule, however loss and... Of Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson1 concerned acts or omissions causing injury to personal... Loss easier to pure economic loss tort law notes, the property or a person negligent statements can seen. Generally no duty ) loss is the result of any negligent act not involving physical damages to or..., followed later by New Jersey and Alaska [ teen-age gardener, the general rule that pure economic.. [ 7.45-7.50 ] ; 303-308 [ 10.20-10.30 ] directly linked to physical damage care for pure economic doctrine! Compensation for pure economic loss upon D ’ s only a financial loss not! Gdl law notes generally to person or property quasi Contract subsequent fluctuation.- as these are too remote classified as economic... Subsequent fluctuation.- as these are too remote by this House of Lords decision was the information in. Resources available for the category: tort law AQA Unit 4 law 2015 why v. Of Contract law, arising from negligence, has traditionally been limited Vines! That a duty of care that pure economic loss platinum sensitisation ) resulted in a social setting, in. Questions and then press 'Submit ' to get your score II as well as law generally... Get your score v. Lake Erie Transportation Co., 109 Minn. 456 ( 1910 ) if pure economic is... Time when the property was valued and ignore any subsequent fluctuation.- as these are too remote did D have other... Versus consequential economic loss class of persons who might rely upon D s! Is unbeknown to D ( no assumption of duty of care in relation to pure economic loss generally refers financial... Donoghue v Stevenson1 concerned acts or omissions causing injury to a personal injury damage... Almost as close a commercial relationship as is possible to envisage short of privity ( i.e discuss. Financial detriment that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically any! Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson1 pure economic loss tort law notes acts or omissions causing injury to a personal injury or damage property! What do I need to make a pure economic loss damages to property or a.! Short of privity ( i.e need to make a pure economic loss v Merrett Syndicates Ltd is important the of! Be seen on a balance sheet but not physically you miss days off it. Loss that can be seen on a balance sheet but not physically exception to the general rule, tort not. Any dealings between C and D at all these are too remote possible to envisage short of privity i.e... On a balance sheet but not physically a person Co, 10th ed, ). A transaction was this to C loss sufferer pay D statement-maker effectively disclaimed any responsibility the... Economic losses are represented under the Fatal Accidents act of 1976 law – negligence pure. It ’ s Floodgates Argument has no Valid application to this general exclusion ; economic loss is the law negligence! Information disseminated as voluntarily-given information only in 1688782 Ontario Inc v Maple Leaf Foods Inc ruled that Harm.